TIMELINE
Devonian Epoch (419 – 359 million years ago) – First amphibians; forests spread.
The Devonian Epoch, often referred to as the “Age of Fishes,” spanned from approximately 419 to 359 million years ago. This period is a significant chapter in Earth’s geological history, marking a time of profound evolutionary change and...
Silurian Epoch (443 – 419 million years ago) – First land plants and insects evolve.
The Silurian Epoch, spanning from approximately 443 to 419 million years ago, represents a significant chapter in the geological history of our planet. It follows the Ordovician Period and precedes the Devonian Period, forming part of the Paleozoic Era. The name...
Ordovician Epoch (485 – 443 million years ago) – First vertebrates; marine biodiversity increases.
The Ordovician Epoch, spanning from approximately 485 to 444 million years ago, represents a significant chapter in the geological history of Earth. It follows the Cambrian Period and precedes the Silurian Period, forming part of the Paleozoic Era. The epoch is named...
Cambrian Epoch (541 – 485 million years ago) – Cambrian Explosion; complex life forms appear.
The Cambrian Epoch, which spanned from approximately 541 to 485 million years ago, marks a pivotal period in the history of life on Earth. It is the first epoch of the Paleozoic Era and is renowned for its remarkable evolutionary developments. The Cambrian is often...
Paleozoic Era (541 – 252 million years ago)
The Paleozoic Era, spanning from approximately 541 to 252 million years ago, represents a significant chapter in Earth’s geological and biological history. This era is marked by profound transformations in the planet’s landscape, climate, and the evolution...
Phanerozoic Eon (541 million years ago – Present)
The Phanerozoic Eon, spanning approximately 541 million years to the present, represents a significant chapter in Earth’s geological and biological history. It is characterised by an abundance of fossil evidence, which provides a window into the evolution of...
Proterozoic Eon (2.5 billion – 541 million years ago) – Oxygen builds up; first multicellular life.
The Proterozoic Eon, spanning from approximately 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago, represents a significant chapter in Earth’s geological and biological history. This eon is the second of the four major divisions of geological time, following the Archean Eon...
Archean Eon (4.0 – 2.5 billion years ago) – First life appears; early continents form.
The Archean Eon, spanning from approximately 4.0 to 2.5 billion years ago, represents a pivotal chapter in Earth’s geological history. This era is characterised by the formation of the planet’s first stable crust and the emergence of life, albeit in its...
Hadean Eon (4.6 – 4.0 billion years ago) – Earth forms; Theia impact creates the Moon.
Hadean Eon (4.6 – 4.0 billion years ago) – Earth forms; Theia impact creates the Moon. The Hadean Eon, a term derived from the Greek word “Hades,” refers to the earliest period in Earth’s history, spanning from approximately 4.6 billion years ago to...
Precambrian Eon (4.6 billion – 541 million years ago)
The Precambrian Eon represents a vast stretch of time in Earth’s history, encompassing approximately 88% of the planet’s geological timeline. This eon is often overshadowed by the subsequent Phanerozoic Eon, which is characterised by abundant fossil...
Valley Forge (1777–1778)
The winter encampment of the Continental Army at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-1778 stands as a pivotal moment in the American Revolutionary War. Situated approximately 18 miles northwest of Philadelphia, this site became synonymous with the trials and...
Geological Epochs (Earth’s History)
Geological epochs represent significant intervals in Earth’s history, characterised by distinct geological and biological developments. These epochs are part of a broader framework known as the geological time scale, which divides Earth’s 4.5 billion-year...