TIMELINE
Boston Siege (1775–1776)
The years leading up to the Siege of Boston were marked by escalating tensions between the American colonists and British authorities. The imposition of various taxes, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767, ignited widespread resentment among...
The American Revolution
The American Revolution was not a spontaneous event; rather, it was the culmination of a series of complex factors that had been brewing for decades. One of the primary causes was the growing sense of American identity among the colonists. By the mid-18th century, the...
Victory at Yorktown (1781)
Victory at Yorktown (1781) The Battle of Yorktown fought in 1781, marked a pivotal moment in the American Revolutionary War, a conflict that had been raging since 1775. The war was rooted in the growing discontent of the American colonies towards British rule,...
Stellar & Galactic Epoch (1 billion years – present) – Modern galaxies, stars, and planetary systems develop.
The cosmos is a vast expanse of time and space, a theatre of celestial phenomena that has captivated human imagination for millennia. The Stellar and Galactic Epoch represents a significant chapter in the history of the universe, encompassing the formation and...
Crossing the Delaware (1776)
The crossing of the Delaware River on the night of December 25-26, 1776, stands as a pivotal moment in the American Revolutionary War. This audacious manoeuvre was not merely a tactical operation; it was a bold statement of resolve and determination by General George...
Reionization Epoch (150 million – 1 billion years) – The first stars and galaxies form.
The Reionization Epoch represents a pivotal chapter in the history of the universe, occurring approximately between 400 million and 1 billion years after the Big Bang. This period is characterised by the transition of the universe from a neutral state, dominated by...
Dark Ages (380,000 – 150 million years) – No stars exist yet, only neutral hydrogen.
The term “Dark Ages” often evokes images of a time shrouded in mystery and obscurity, yet in the context of cosmology, it refers to a specific epoch in the universe’s history, approximately spanning from 380,000 years after the Big Bang to about one...
Recombination Epoch (380,000 years) – Atoms form, and the first light (CMB) is released.
The Recombination Epoch marks a pivotal moment in the history of the universe, occurring approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang. During this period, the universe underwent a significant transformation as it cooled sufficiently to allow protons and electrons to...
Photon Epoch (10 sec – 380,000 years) – The universe is filled with high-energy radiation.
The Photon Epoch is a critical phase in the early universe, occurring approximately between 10 seconds and 380,000 years after the Big Bang. During this period, the universe was a hot, dense soup of particles, primarily composed of photons, electrons, positrons, and...
Lepton Epoch (1 sec – 10 sec) – Electrons and neutrinos dominate, and nuclear reactions begin.
The Lepton Epoch represents a significant phase in the early universe, occurring approximately between 10 seconds and 1 second after the Big Bang. During this period, the universe was a hot, dense soup of fundamental particles, primarily leptons, which include...
Quark Epoch (10⁻¹² – 10⁻⁶ sec) – The universe consists of a quark-gluon plasma.
The Quark Epoch represents a pivotal moment in the early universe, occurring approximately 10^-12 seconds after the Big Bang. During this brief yet critical period, the universe was in a state of extreme temperature and density, where conventional matter as we know it...
Electroweak Epoch (10⁻³² – 10⁻¹² sec) – The weak nuclear force separates from electromagnetism.
The Electroweak Epoch represents a pivotal moment in the early universe, occurring approximately between (10^{-12}) and (10^{-6}) seconds after the Big Bang. During this brief yet significant period, the fundamental forces of electromagnetism and the weak nuclear...