Explore the World Through Geography, Natural Resources & Daily History
Clear, reliable and engaging guides that help you understand our planet — from UK geography education to global natural resources and On This Day history events.
Explore, discover, and learn about the wonders of our world! At Earth Site, we’re passionate about bringing geography, history, and science to life for curious minds of all ages. Whether you’re delving into historical events, uncovering the mysteries of the natural world, or seeking interactive resources, you’re in the right place.
Here, you can uncover the stories behind historical events, explore the natural wonders of our planet, and gain valuable insights into how the Earth’s systems shape our daily lives. From the towering peaks of mountain ranges to the far-reaching impacts of human innovation, we aim to make every topic both engaging and informative.
Start your journey of discovery with us today, and let’s make learning an adventure!
What We Cover
Earth Site brings together engaging and accessible educational content designed to help you understand the world, its history, and its natural systems.
🌍 Geography Education (UK & Worldwide)
We publish clear, easy-to-understand geography resources for students, teachers and curious learners. Our guides support geography education in the UK and cover physical geography, climate, ecosystems, population, and global development.
⛏️ Natural Resources & Environmental Geography
Explore detailed country profiles covering natural resources, mining, energy, geology and global environmental challenges. We show how nations manage minerals, water, land and ecosystems, and why these resources matter.
📅 On This Day in History
Every day has a story. Our On This Day history series features major events, anniversaries, traditions, and cultural milestones from around the world — with timelines, context, and fun facts.
TIMELINE
Bouvet Island
Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya(Norwegian)) Capital: N/A Population: Uninhabited Area: 49 km2 or 19 mi2 Political Information: Dependant Territory Official Religion: N/A Highest Mountain: Olav Peak at 780m or 2,559ft GDP: N/A Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT Leaders: Has the Norwegian Monarch (Harald V) and is administered by the Norwegian Polar Affairs Department. Additional: Bouvet Island is the most remote island on earth with the nearest inhabited land mass approximately 1,404 miles or 2260 kilometres away. The Island was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier on January 1, 1739. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosna i Hercegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)) Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina : Sarajevo Population (Estimated July 2012): 4,622,292 Area: 51,209 km2 or 19,772 mi2 Currency: Convertible Marka (KM) Official Language: Bosnian, Croation and Serbian Political Information: Federal Democratic Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 40% of the population are Muslim, 31% are Orthodox, 15% are Roman Catholic and 14% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mount Maglic at 2,386m or 7,828ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $18.3 billion (US$) or £10.98 billion (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $31.72 billion (US$) or £19.032 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $8,200 (US$) or £4,920 (GBP) Time Zone: + 1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 2 first-order administrative divisions and 1 internationally supervised district* – Brcko district (Brcko Distrikt)*, the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska; note – Brcko district is in northeastern Bosnia and is a self-governing administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina and formally held in condominium between the two entities; the District remains under international supervision. Leaders: High Representative is Valentin Inzko and Vjekoslav...
Botswana
Botswana (Republic of Botswana) Capital of Botswana: Gaborone Population (Estimated July 2012): 2,098,018 Area: 581,730 km2 or 224,607 mi2 Currency: Pula (P) Official Language: English Political Information: Democratic Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 70% of the population are Christians, 20% have no religious beliefs, 6% have indigenous beliefs and 4% have other religious beliefs) Highest Point: Kwahu Hill at 1359m or 4,459ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $16.4 billion (US$) or £9.84 billion (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $30.09 billion (US$) or £18 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $16,300 (US$) or £9,780 (GBP) Time Zone: + 2:00 Wildlife: Counties/Provinces/States: 9 districts and 5 town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Northeast, Northwest, Selebi-Pikwe*, Southeast, Southern Leaders: President Ian Khama with Mompati Merafhe as Vice President Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Botswana, officially known as the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. With a population of approximately 2.3 million people, Botswana is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. Despite its small population,...
Bolivia
Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (Plurinational State of Bolivia)) Capital of Bolivia : La Paz (Administrative), Sucre (Constitutional) Population (Estimated July 2012): 10,290,003 Area: 1,098,581 km2 or 424,164 mi2 Currency: Boliviano (Bs) Official Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara with several native languages also spoken. Political Information: Unitary Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately of 95% the population is Roman Catholic and 5% are Protestant) Highest Mountain: Nevado Sajama at 6,542m or 21,463ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $24.4 billion (US$) or £14.64 billion (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $51.46 billion (US$) or £30.876 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $4,800 (US$) or £2,880 (GBP) Time Zone: -4:00 Counties/Provinces/States: (departments or departamentos) Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija Leaders:President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (since 22 January 2006); Vice President Alvaro GARCIA Linera (since 22 January 2006) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Bolivia, located in the heart of South America, is a country known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse landscapes. With a population of over 11 million people, Bolivia is home to a variety of ethnic groups,...
Bhutan
Bhutan (Druk-Yul (Kingdom of Bhutan)) Capital of Bhutan : Thimphu Population (Estimated July 2012): 716,896 Area: 38,394 km2 or 14,824 mi2 Currency: Ngultrum (BTN) Official Language: Dzongkha (a Tibetan dialect) Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 75% of the population are Lamaistic Buddhist and 25% Hindu) Highest Mountain: Gangkar Puensum at 7,570m or 24840ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.83 billion (US$) or £1.098 billion(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $4.284 billion (US$) or £2.57 billion(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $6,000 (US$) or £3,600 (GBP) Time Zone: +6:00 Counties/Provinces/States: (districts or dzongkhag) Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Gasa, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Tashi Yangtse, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang Leaders:King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); Prime Minister Tshering TOBGAY (since 27 July 2013) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nestled in the eastern Himalayas, the small kingdom of Bhutan is a hidden gem waiting to be discovered. Known for its unique culture and approach to development, Bhutan has captivated the world with its commitment to Gross National Happiness (GNH) and sustainable practices. In this article, we...
Bermuda
Bermuda Capital of Bermuda : Hamilton Population (Estimated July 2012): 69,080 Area: 53.2km2 or 20.6mi2 Currency: Bermuda Dollar (Bd$) Official Language: English Political Information: Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom. Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 52% of the population are Protestant, 15% are Roman Catholic, 12% have other religious beliefs, 7% have unspecified or unaffiliated beliefs and 12% have no religious beliefs) Highest Point: Town Hill at 76m or 249ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2004): $4.5 billion (US$) or £2.7 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2004): $69,900 (US$) or £41,940 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -4:00 Counties/Provinces/States: (Parishes) Devonshire, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George’s, Sandys, Smith’s, Southampton and Warwick; (Municipalities) Hamilton and Saint George’s, Leaders: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor John RANKIN (since 5 December 2016) and Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Benin
Benin (République du Bénin (Republic of Benin)) Capital of Benin : Porto-Novo Population (Estimated July 2012): 9,598,787 Area: 112,622km2 or 43,484mi2 Currency: CFA Franc (CFAF) Official Language: French Political Information: Parliamentary Democracy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 27.1% of the population are Roman Catholic, 24.4% are Muslim, 17.3% are Vodoun, 10.4% are Protestant and 20.8% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mont Sokbaro at 658m or 2,158ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $7.5 billion (US$) or £4.5 billion (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $14.79 billion (US$) or £8.874 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $1,500 (US$) or £900 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: (departments) Alibori, Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Kouffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou Leaders: President Patrice TALON (since 6 April 2016 (the president is both chief of state and head of government with Prime Minister position being abolished in 2016)) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Benin, officially known as the Republic of Benin, is a small country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the east, Togo to the west, Burkina Faso and Niger to...
Belize
Belize Capital of Belize : Belmopan Population (Estimated July 2012): 327,719 Area: 22,965km2 or 8,867mi2 Currency: Belize Dollar (BZ$) Official Language: English Political Information: Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 49.6% of the population are Roman Catholic, 25.5% are Protestant, 15.5% have other religious beliefs and 9.4% have no religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Doyle’s Delight at 1,124m or 3,688ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.5 billion (US$) or £900 million(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $2.754 billion (US$) or £1.652 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $8,300 (US$) or £4,980 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -6:00 Districts: Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo Leaders: Monarch is Queen Elizabeth II with Sir Colville Young as Governor General and Dean Barrow as Prime Minister. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Belize is a small country located on the eastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north and Guatemala to the west and south. Despite its small size, Belize is known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning natural beauty, and warm and welcoming people. With a population of...
Belgium
Belgium (Koninkrijk België (Dutch); Royaume de Belgique (French); Königreich Belgien (German) (Kingdom of Belgium)) Capital of Belgium : Brussels Population (Estimated July 2012): 10,438,353 Area: 30,528km2 or 11,787mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Dutch; French; German Political Information: Federal Parliament with Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 75% of the population are Roman Catholic, 25% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Botrange at 694m or 2,277ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $529 billion (US$) or £317.4 billion(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $412 billion (US$) or £247.2 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $37,600 (US$) or £22,560 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 3 regions (French: regions, singular – region; Dutch: gewesten, singular – gewest); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), Region de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Region Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Region Wallone (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form) Leaders: King...
Belarus
Belarus (Respublika Belarus (Republic of Belarus)) Capital of Belarus : Minsk Population (Estimated July 2012): 9,542,883 Area: 207,595km2 or 80,153mi2 Currency: Belarusian rubel (or ruble) (Br) Official Language: Belarusian; Russian Political Information: Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 80% of the population are Eastern Orthodox and 20% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Dzyarzhynskaya Hara at 346m or 1,135ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $57.7 billion (US$) or £34.62 billion (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $141.2 billion (US$) or £84.72 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $14,900 (US$) or £8,940 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +3:00 Provinces (Voblastsi): Brest, Homyel’ (Gomel), Hrodna (Grodno), Mahilyow (Mogilev), Minsk, Vitsyebsk (Vitebsk) Municipality (Horad): Horad Minsk (Minsk City) Leaders: president Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994); prime minister Andrey KOBYAKOV (since 27 December 2014); first deputy prime minister Vasiliy MATYUSHEVSKIY (since 27 December 2014) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Belarus, officially known as the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country located in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the...
Barbados
Barbados Capital: Pago Pago Population (Estimated July 2012): 68,061 Area: 200km2 or 77mi2 Currency: United States Dollar (U.S.$) Official Language: English; Samoan Political Information: Unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 50% of the population is Christian Congregationalist, 20% are Roman Catholic and 30% are either protestant or have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Lata Mountain at 964m or 3162 feet GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2005): $462.2 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2007): $575.3 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2007): $8,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -11:00 Counties/Provinces/States: three districts and two islands at the second order; Eastern, Manu’a, Rose Island, Swains Island, Western Leaders: President Donald Trump; Governor Togiola Tulafono Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Barbados, located in the eastern Caribbean Sea, is a popular tourist destination known for its stunning beaches, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality. This small island nation offers visitors a taste of paradise with its crystal-clear waters, white sandy beaches, and lush tropical landscapes. Whether you’re looking to relax on the beach, explore historical landmarks, or indulge in delicious cuisine,...
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh (People’s Republic of Bangladesh)) Capital: Pago Pago Population (Estimated July 2012): 68,061 Area: 200km2 or 77mi2 Currency: United States Dollar (U.S.$) Official Language: English; Samoan Political Information: Unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 50% of the population is Christian Congregationalist, 20% are Roman Catholic and 30% are either protestant or have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Lata Mountain at 964m or 3162 feet GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2005): $462.2 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2007): $575.3 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2007): $8,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -11:00 Counties/Provinces/States: three districts and two islands at the second order; Eastern, Manu’a, Rose Island, Swains Island, Western Leaders: President Donald Trump; Governor Togiola Tulafono Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Bangladesh, officially known as the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, is a country located in South Asia. It is bordered by India to the west, north, and east, and by Myanmar to the southeast. With a population of over 160 million people, Bangladesh is the eighth-most populous country in the world. Despite its relatively...