[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.23″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/san-marino-162410_1280.webp” alt=”Flag of San Marino” title_text=”san-marino-162410_1280″ align=”center” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Flag” _builder_version=”4.23″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”right” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” animation=”right” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/San-Marino-Map2.png” alt=”Map of San Marino” title_text=”San Marino Map2″ align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Map” _builder_version=”4.23″ custom_margin=”|30px||30px” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” animation=”left” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Tag-Europe.png” alt=”Europe” title_text=”Tag Europe” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Asia 1 Globe Tag” _builder_version=”4.23″ custom_margin=”|30px||30px” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” animation=”left” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/San-Marino-Map.png” alt=”Two tone map of San Marino” title_text=”San Marino Map” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image” _builder_version=”4.23″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” animation=”left” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/San-Marino.jpg” alt=”San Marino” title_text=”San Marino” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image” _builder_version=”4.23″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” animation=”left” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/three-towers-of-san-marino-6585651_1280.jpg” title_text=”three-towers-of-san-marino-6585651_1280″ align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image” _builder_version=”4.23″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” animation=”left” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.23″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Capital<\/strong>: San Marino<\/p>\n Population (Estimated July 2012)<\/strong>: 32,140<\/p>\n Area<\/strong>: 61.2km2\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>or 23.63mi2<\/sup><\/p>\n Currency<\/strong>: Euro (\u20ac)<\/p>\n Official Language<\/strong>: Italian<\/p>\n Political Information<\/strong>: Parliamentary Republic<\/p>\n Official Religion<\/a><\/strong>: No Official Religion Highest Mountain<\/strong>: Monte Titano at 755m or 2,477ft<\/p>\n GDP Official Exchange Rate\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)<\/em><\/p>\n (Estimated 2011)<\/strong>: $1.611 billion (US$) or (GBP)<\/p>\n GDP (OER) Per Capita\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(per member of the population estimated 2011)<\/em>: (US$) or (GBP)<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n GDP Purchasing Power Parity\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(PPP is good for gauging living conditions and the use of resources but is not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States)<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0(Estimated 2011)<\/strong>: $1.136 billion (US$) or (GBP)<\/p>\n GDP (PPP) Per Capita\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(per member of the population estimated 2009)<\/em>: $36,200 (US$) or (GBP)<\/p>\n Time Zone (GMT\/UTC)<\/span><\/strong>: +1:00<\/span><\/p>\n Wildlife<\/span><\/strong>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Counties\/Provinces\/States<\/span><\/strong>: 9 municipalities (castelli, singular – castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino<\/a> Citta, Serravalle<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Leaders<\/span><\/strong>: Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Maurizio Rattini and Captain Regent Italo Righi with Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella Mularoni.<\/span><\/p>\n Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.23″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n San Marino, a microstate nestled within the Italian peninsula, is one of the world’s smallest and oldest republics. Covering an area of just 61 square kilometres, it is entirely surrounded by Italy, yet it boasts a rich history and a unique identity that sets it apart from its larger neighbour. Established in the early 4th century, San Marino is often celebrated for its picturesque landscapes, medieval architecture, and a sense of independence that has endured through centuries of political upheaval in Europe.<\/p>\n The capital city, also named San Marino, is perched atop Mount Titano, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside and a glimpse into the state\u2019s storied past. Despite its diminutive size, San Marino is a treasure trove of cultural heritage and historical significance. The country is renowned for its well-preserved medieval structures, including the iconic Three Towers of San Marino, which stand as symbols of the republic’s resilience and autonomy.<\/p>\n Visitors are often captivated by the charming cobblestone streets, vibrant local traditions, and the warm hospitality of its citizens. As one of the few remaining sovereign states that can trace its origins back to the early Middle Ages, San Marino serves as a living testament to the enduring spirit of self-governance and democracy in Europe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The history of San Marino is steeped in legend and tradition, with its founding attributed to a stonemason named Marinus in the year 301 AD. According to local lore, Marinus fled from the island of Rab to escape religious persecution and established a small community on Mount Titano. This humble beginning laid the groundwork for what would become one of the oldest republics in the world.<\/p>\n Over the centuries, San Marino has managed to maintain its independence despite being surrounded by powerful neighbours and facing numerous challenges, including invasions and political pressures. Throughout its history, San Marino has been characterised by a commitment to democratic principles and civic freedom. The constitution, which dates back to 1600, is one of the oldest in existence and reflects the republic’s dedication to governance by the people.<\/p>\n The resilience of San Marino’s citizens<\/a> has allowed them to navigate through tumultuous periods, including the Napoleonic Wars and both World Wars, while preserving their unique identity. This remarkable ability to maintain sovereignty amidst external threats has earned San Marino a place in history as a symbol of liberty and self-determination.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n San Marino’s political structure<\/a> is distinctive, reflecting its long-standing traditions of democracy and civic engagement. The government operates as a parliamentary representative democratic republic, where power is vested in elected officials who represent the interests of the citizens. The Captains Regent serve as heads of state and government, with two individuals elected every six months to ensure a balance of power and prevent any single person from wielding excessive authority.<\/p>\n This dual leadership system is a hallmark of San Marino’s political culture, promoting collaboration and consensus among its leaders. The legislative body, known as the Grand and General Council, consists of 60 members who are elected for a five-year term. This council is responsible for enacting laws and overseeing government functions. <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n The judiciary operates independently, ensuring that justice is administered fairly and impartially.<\/strong> This unique political framework not only reflects San Marino’s historical commitment<\/a> to democracy but also fosters a sense of community among its citizens. The active participation of the populace in governance is evident in various civic initiatives and local councils that encourage public engagement in decision-making processes.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/span>(predominately Roman Catholic)<\/span><\/p>\nSan Marino: Europe’s Oldest Republic<\/h2>\n
Summary<\/h3>\n
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History of San Marino as the Oldest Republic in Europe<\/h2>\n
Unique Government and Political Structure of San Marino<\/h2>\n
Cultural and Historical Landmarks in San Marino<\/h2>\n