{"id":23928,"date":"2025-09-15T10:18:50","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T09:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/?p=23928"},"modified":"2025-09-15T10:19:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T09:19:04","slug":"year-1946","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/year-1946\/","title":{"rendered":"Year 1946"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; 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background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><!-- divi:shortcode --><\/p>\n<table class=\"tdih_table\"><thead><th class=\"tdih_event_date\">Date<\/th><th class=\"tdih_event_type\">Type<\/th><th class=\"tdih_event_name\">Event<\/th><\/thead><tr><td class=\"tdih_event_date\">1946-01-10<\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_type\"><\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_name\"><strong>In 1946\u00a0the first meeting of the United Nations convened in London,\u00a0<a title=\"England\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/england\">England<\/a>. <\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe founding document, the <strong>United Nations Charter<\/strong>, was signed on <strong>June 26, 1945<\/strong>, in <strong>San Francisco<\/strong> by 51 nations and came into force on <strong>October 24, 1945<\/strong>. The same fifty-one nations attended the first general assembly held on this day in 1946 at <strong>Methodist Central Hall, Westminster<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nThe United Nations replaced the League of Nations that disbanded shortly after World War I having failed in its main task of preventing global conflicts.\r\n\r\nIt now has <strong>193 member states<\/strong>, representing nearly all recognized sovereign nations with many more responsibilities.\r\n\r\nThe Security Council is Responsible for maintaining peace and security. It has 15 members, including five permanent members with veto power (<strong><a title=\"China\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/china\">China<\/a>, <a title=\"France\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/france\">France<\/a>, <a title=\"Russia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/russia\">Russia<\/a>, the <a title=\"United Kingdom\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/united-kingdom\">UK<\/a>, and the <a title=\"United States of America\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/united-states\">US<\/a><\/strong>) and ten elected members. The veto power of the five permanent Security Council members is often seen as undemocratic and can lead to gridlock.\r\n\r\nDespite the failings of the Security Council the UN has many more responsibilities which aid the world including the <strong>Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) <\/strong>which\u00a0Coordinates the UN\u2019s economic, social, and environmental work and oversees specialized agencies like the <strong>World Health Organization (WHO)<\/strong> and the <strong>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nThe UN is also responsible for the<strong> International Court of Justice (ICJ)<\/strong>. Based in The Hague, it settles legal disputes between states and provides advisory opinions on international legal issues.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"tdih_event_date\">1946-04-20<\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_type\"><\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_name\"> <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height:115%; font-family:'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size:12.0pt; \"On this day in 1946<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family:'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size:12.0pt; \"> the League of Nations was dissolved on this day. The League of Nations was  formed at the end of World War I with the primary purpose of preventing another  conflict of similar magnitude. After the End of World War II it was evident  that the League of Nations had failed but however it was the precursor to the  United Nations which formed soon after.<\/span><\/p>\r\n  <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;\">&nbsp;<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"tdih_event_date\">1946-07-22<\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_type\"><\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_name\"><strong>In 1946 the King David Hotel in Jerusalem was bombed killing 91 people.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIn the 6<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century the Babylonian King, Nebuchadnezzar, began conquering the Kingdom of Judah (part of what was Palestine and now <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/israel\/\" title=\"Israel\">Israel<\/a>). The Jewish people fled the Land of Israel and began living as immigrants in foreign lands (known as \u201cJewish diaspora\u201d in Yiddish). The Jewish immigrants were often persecuted by various countries throughout their history.\r\n<div class=\"google-auto-placed ap_container\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2737764146123695\" data-adsbygoogle-status=\"done\"><ins id=\"aswift_1_expand\"><ins id=\"aswift_1_anchor\"><iframe id=\"aswift_1\" name=\"aswift_1\" width=\"757\" height=\"190\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/ins><\/ins><\/ins><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPalestine was conquered in 643 AD by the Islamic Empire but the majority of the population remained Christian for centuries, including throughout the crusades, until Saladin\u2019s conquest of the land in 1187.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIn the 19<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Century a great number of Jews and some people of other faiths began to support the idea of the Jewish people returning home to the Holy Land, an act known as Aliyah, and the creation of a Jewish homeland once more. This movement was known as Zionism and by 1882 a large scale immigration of Jews to Palestine began.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBy 1840 Palestine was under the administration of Ottoman Empire and by 1917 the First World War had reached most of Palestine and the Holy City of Jerusalem. The Arabs in Palestine had already planned to start an uprising against the Ottoman Empire and the British gave assurances that they would support an uprising and guarantee the Independence of the Arabs if they were successful. British and Commonwealth forces managed to secure Jerusalem by the end of 1917 and by the 25<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0of September 1918 they had freed Palestine from the Ottoman forces. However the United Kingdom did not keep its promise to the Palestinians. On the Second of November the Foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour, also promised to support a home for the Jewish people in Palestine in a letter known as the Balfour Declaration. At the end of World War I, administration of the Ottoman Empire was divided by the Allied powers and Britain received a Mandate from the league of Nations to Govern Palestine.\r\n<div class=\"google-auto-placed ap_container\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2737764146123695\" data-adsbygoogle-status=\"done\"><ins id=\"aswift_2_expand\"><ins id=\"aswift_2_anchor\"><iframe id=\"aswift_2\" name=\"aswift_2\" width=\"757\" height=\"190\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/ins><\/ins><\/ins><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe Arabic people were understandably furious and the United Kingdom had to deal with several riots. More over many Zionist-Jewish-Palestinians were unhappy as they wanted a Jewish homeland of their own in Palestine. One such group was Irgun, a Zionist Paramilitary group that had been known to have carried out terrorist acts. It was believed that Amichai Paglin, head of Operations for Irgun, had been involved with several terrorist attacks on the King David Hotel, which was the base of operations for the British administration in Palestine. On the 29<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0of June 1946 the British forces conducted \u201cOperation Agatha\u201d which involved raiding the premises of \u201cthe Jewish Agency\u201d and Irgun to gather evidence of their involvement in terror attacks. Thousands of arrests were made and documents confiscated. The documents were taken to the British Administration headquarters at the King David Hotel. On the 22<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0of July 1946 the Irgun planted an explosive device in the basement of the hotel. A Bomb threat was called in but 91 people were killed and another 46 were injured.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAfter World War II the United Kingdom made requests for an end to their Mandate of Palestine and the newly formed United Nations gave an order for its completion on the 14<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0of May 1948. The United Nation created a partition plan for Palestine which would divide the country into an Israeli State (around 56% of the land) and the Arab State with the Holy City of Jerusalem as an international regime. This plan was agreed by the Jewish Palestinians but rejected by the Arabic Palestinians. After the UN General Assembly voted in agreement of the plans on the 30<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0of November 1947 the Arab State members of the United Nations requested that the resolution go before the International Court of Justice to determine its legitimacy but their request was denied. On the day of the vote civil war broke out in Palestine.\r\n<div class=\"google-auto-placed ap_container\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2737764146123695\" data-adsbygoogle-status=\"done\"><ins id=\"aswift_3_expand\"><ins id=\"aswift_3_anchor\"><iframe id=\"aswift_3\" name=\"aswift_3\" width=\"757\" height=\"190\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/ins><\/ins><\/ins><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe British Mandate of Palestine ended on the 14<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0of May 1948 and on the same day the Jewish community declared their independence as a separate state of Israel. The Arab-Israeli war of 1948 began the following day as the neighbouring Arab States began to engage the Israeli military in open combat. Both Jewish and Arab Palestinians had been building forces for several years in anticipation for war and by the start Israeli forces outnumbered the Arabic Palestinians with 35,000 to 12,000 troops. \u00a0After 10 months of fighting, with intermittent cease fires, the Arab-Israeli War ended on the 10<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0of March 1949. The State of Israel claimed all the allocated land as proposed to them by the UN Resolution and in addition the also claimed over 60% of the land that had been allocated to the Arab State of Palestine. 700,000 Arabic Palestinians were expelled from their homes and forced to flee.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"tdih_event_date\">1946-10-24<\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_type\"><\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_name\"><p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>In 1946 The United Nations (UN) was first established<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the 10<sup>th<\/sup> of January 1920 the League of Nations came into being as a result of discussions leading to the Versailles treaty. The primary objective of the League of Nations was to prevent another war as costly and devastating as the First World War. It was during the Yalta conference that it was agreed that the League of Nations had not worked and that a new organisation was required.\u00a0 The League of Nations lasted until the 20<sup>th<\/sup> of April 1946 when after the end of World War II it was evident that the League of Nations had failed its primary directive. The United Nations was first founded on the 24th of October 1946. It was tasked with maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"tdih_event_date\">1946-10-27<\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_type\"><\/td><td class=\"tdih_event_name\"><strong>In 1946, the French Fourth Republic changed the constitution, which changed all colonies of the French Empire into the French Union.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBy the end of World War II the Anti-Colonial Movement in <a title=\"France\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/france\/\">France<\/a> was at full force, and on the 27<sup>th<\/sup> of October 1946, the French Fourth Republic changed the constitution, which changed all colonies of the French Empire into the French Union.<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/divi:shortcode --><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; 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