{"id":26510,"date":"2026-08-25T10:22:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T09:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/why-there-hasnt-been-a-king-of-england-since-1707\/"},"modified":"2026-08-27T12:29:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T11:29:08","slug":"why-there-hasnt-been-a-king-of-england-since-1707","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/why-there-hasnt-been-a-king-of-england-since-1707\/","title":{"rendered":"Why There Hasn&#8217;t Been a King of England Since 1707"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>You might have noticed that since 1707, there hasn&#8217;t been a King or Queen <em>of England<\/em>. Instead, we&#8217;ve had monarchs of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/united-kingdom\/\" title=\"United Kingdom\">Great Britain<\/a>, and later, the United Kingdom. The short answer to why is straightforward: England, as a distinct kingdom, ceased to exist as a sovereign entity in 1707 when it formally united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. So, while we still have a monarch, their title and the realm they rule over changed significantly.<\/p>\n<p>The year 1707 is the absolute key here. It marks the moment when two separate kingdoms, England and Scotland, decided to become one. This wasn&#8217;t a sudden decision; it was the culmination of decades, even centuries, of intertwined history, sometimes friendly, often contentious.<\/p>\n<h3>Background to the Union<\/h3>\n<p>Before 1707, England and Scotland were distinct sovereign states, each with its own parliament, laws, and church. They had, however, shared a monarch since 1603.<\/p>\n<h4>The Union of the Crowns (1603)<\/h4>\n<p>When Elizabeth I of England died childless in 1603, her closest relative was James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England. This was a &#8220;personal union&#8221; \u2013 two separate kingdoms sharing the same head of state. Think of it like two different countries today that happen to have the same person as their symbolic leader. This situation, while bringing a degree of stability, also highlighted the differences and potential for conflict between the two nations.<\/p>\n<h4>Economic and Political Pressures<\/h4>\n<p>By the late 17th and early 18th centuries, both England and Scotland faced significant pressures that pushed them towards a closer union.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scottish Economic Troubles:<\/strong> Scotland had suffered greatly from a failed colonial venture, the Darien Scheme, which left the country in severe debt. The promise of access to English colonial markets and financial compensation was a powerful incentive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>English Security Concerns:<\/strong> England, especially after the Jacobite risings (attempts to restore the Catholic Stuart monarchy), was wary of Scotland potentially aligning with its continental rivals, particularly France. A united Great Britain would be a more secure and powerful entity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>The Treaty of Union and Acts of Parliament<\/h3>\n<p>The actual union was achieved through a series of parliamentary acts.<\/p>\n<h4>Negotiation and Terms<\/h4>\n<p>Commissioners from both parliaments negotiated the terms of the union. The resulting Treaty of Union outlined the conditions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>One United Kingdom:<\/strong> The two kingdoms of England and Scotland would be &#8220;united into one Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>One Parliament:<\/strong> A single Parliament of Great Britain would be established, replacing the English and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/scotland\/\" title=\"Scotland\">Scottish parliaments<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Succession:<\/strong> The succession to the throne would be as laid down by the English Act of Settlement (1701), ensuring a Protestant monarch. This was a critical point for England.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Preservation of Scottish Law and Church:<\/strong> Crucially, Scotland retained its distinct legal system (Scots Law) and its national church (the Presbyterian Church of Scotland). This was vital for Scottish identity and helped make the union more palatable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic Integration:<\/strong> Free trade within the new kingdom was established, and Scotland received financial compensation for its debts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>The Acts of Union<\/h4>\n<p>Both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland then passed their own &#8220;Acts of Union&#8221; in 1706 and 1707 respectively, ratifying the treaty. On 1 May 1707, these acts came into effect, and the Kingdom of Great Britain was formally born. From that moment, there was no longer a separate English Crown or a separate Scottish Crown; there was the Crown of Great Britain.<\/p>\n<h2>The Crown of Great Britain: A New Entity<\/h2>\n<p>With the Act of Union, the very concept of an &#8220;English monarch&#8221; became obsolete. The monarch was now the sovereign of a new, unified political entity.<\/p>\n<h3>Queen Anne: The Last of Her Kind<\/h3>\n<p>Queen Anne, who reigned from 1702 to 1714, holds a unique place in history. She was the last monarch of the independent Kingdom of England and the independent Kingdom of Scotland. After 1707, she became the first monarch of the Kingdom of Great Britain. Her title officially changed, reflecting the new political reality.<\/p>\n<h4>The End of Separate Crowns<\/h4>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to grasp that this wasn&#8217;t just a change in name; it was a legal and constitutional transformation. The two distinct crowns were merged into a single Crown of Great Britain. The lineage continued, but the political and legal context of the monarchy was fundamentally altered.<\/p>\n<h2>The Act of Settlement 1701: Securing the Protestant Succession<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" id=\"3\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:90%;\"><\/p>\n<p>While the Act of Union created Great Britain, the foundation for its monarchical succession had been laid earlier by the English Parliament with the Act of Settlement in 1701. This act was deeply influential in ensuring the longevity and stability of the British monarchy, and it directly impacted who would, and wouldn&#8217;t, sit on the throne after Anne.<\/p>\n<h3>Catholic Exclusion<\/h3>\n<p>The primary goal of the Act of Settlement was to prevent any Catholic from inheriting the English, and subsequently, the British, throne. This was a direct response to centuries of religious strife and the fear of a return to absolute monarchy as seen under some Stuart kings.<\/p>\n<h4>Fear of Popery<\/h4>\n<p>Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which saw the Catholic James II deposed in favour of his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, the English Parliament was determined to secure a Protestant succession. The Act explicitly states that anyone who is a Roman Catholic, or who marries a Roman Catholic, is excluded from the succession.<\/p>\n<h3>The Hanoverian Succession<\/h3>\n<p>As Queen Anne had no surviving children, the Act of Settlement carefully laid out the line of succession to ensure it remained Protestant.<\/p>\n<h4>Sophia of Hanover<\/h4>\n<p>The closest Protestant relatives to Queen Anne were the Electress Sophia of Hanover (granddaughter of James I) and her descendants. The Act stipulated that upon Anne&#8217;s death without issue, the Crown would pass to Sophia and her Protestant heirs.<\/p>\n<h4>George I<\/h4>\n<p>When Queen Anne died in 1714, Sophia had already passed away a few weeks earlier. Consequently, her son, George Louis, Elector of Hanover, became King George I of Great Britain. This marked the beginning of the Hanoverian dynasty. The fact that the monarch was now German further underscored the shift away from a purely &#8220;English&#8221; crown.<\/p>\n<h2>The Evolution of the United Kingdom: Adding Ireland<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" id=\"2\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:90%;\"><\/p>\n<p>The story doesn&#8217;t stop with Great Britain. The next major constitutional shift in the monarch&#8217;s title and realm involved Ireland.<\/p>\n<h3>The Acts of Union 1800<\/h3>\n<p>Just under a century after the union with Scotland, the Kingdom of Great Britain united with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This, again, was a response to political and security concerns.<\/p>\n<h4>Irish Rebellions<\/h4>\n<p>Following the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the British government saw a full political union as the best way to maintain control and prevent further instability, particularly given the ongoing wars with revolutionary France.<\/p>\n<h4>Formation of the UK<\/h4>\n<p>On 1 January 1801, the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland came into being. The single Parliament at Westminster now included Irish representatives, and the monarch&#8217;s title changed once more. From this point onwards, the monarch was King or Queen of the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<h3>The Irish Free State and Northern Ireland<\/h3>\n<p>The title remained &#8220;of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland&#8221; until the early 20th century, even after the partition of Ireland.<\/p>\n<h4>Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921)<\/h4>\n<p>The Anglo-Irish Treaty led to the creation of the Irish Free State (which later became the Republic of Ireland) in 1922. The six north-eastern counties of Ulster remained part of the United Kingdom, becoming Northern Ireland.<\/p>\n<h4>Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act (1927)<\/h4>\n<p>To reflect this new reality, the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 officially changed the monarch&#8217;s title to &#8220;King (or Queen) of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Defender of the Faith.&#8221; While &#8220;Ireland&#8221; was still mentioned, it specifically referred to Northern Ireland within the UK, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/ireland\/\" title=\"Ireland\">independent Irish Free State<\/a> was no longer part of the monarch&#8217;s direct realm. More commonly, the title became &#8220;King\/Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>The Modern Monarchy: A Constitutional Head of State<\/h2>\n<p><?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border:2px solid #f2f2f2\">\n<tr style=\"display:table-row;vertical-align:inherit;border-color:inherit;line-height:40px\">\n<th style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">Reasons<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">Explanations<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"display:table-row;vertical-align:inherit;border-color:inherit;line-height:40px\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">Act of Union 1707<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">The Act of Union 1707 united the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, creating a single parliament and a single throne.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"display:table-row;vertical-align:inherit;border-color:inherit;line-height:40px\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">Succession Laws<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">The succession laws in the United Kingdom now follow the principle of male-preference primogeniture, allowing the eldest child, regardless of gender, to inherit the throne.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"display:table-row;vertical-align:inherit;border-color:inherit;line-height:40px\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">Abdication<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">The abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936 led to a change in the line of succession, and subsequent monarchs have followed the established succession laws.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"display:table-row;vertical-align:inherit;border-color:inherit;line-height:40px\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">Constitutional Monarchy<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:40px\">The United Kingdom operates as a constitutional monarchy, where the monarch&#8217;s powers are limited by the constitution and are largely ceremonial.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Today, our monarch, King Charles III, is the head of state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and also head of the Commonwealth. This role is vastly different from that of medieval English kings.<\/p>\n<h3>Constitutional Monarchy<\/h3>\n<p>The British monarchy operates as a constitutional monarchy. This means that while the monarch is the head of state, political power rests with Parliament and the elected government. The monarch &#8220;reigns but does not rule.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h4>Powers and Functions<\/h4>\n<p>The monarch&#8217;s powers are largely ceremonial and traditional:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Opening Parliament:<\/strong> Formally opens and prorogues Parliament.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Royal Assent:<\/strong> Gives royal assent to bills passed by Parliament, making them law (though this is now a formality).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Appointing Prime Minister:<\/strong> Appoints the Prime Minister (though this is based on parliamentary election results).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Head of the Armed Forces:<\/strong> Commander-in-Chief.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Head of the Church of England:<\/strong> Supreme Governor of the Church of England.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diplomatic Role:<\/strong> Represents the UK on the international stage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All these actions are carried out on the &#8220;advice&#8221; of the government.<\/p>\n<h3>Symbol of Unity<\/h3>\n<p>The monarch serves as a non-political head of state, providing continuity and a symbol of national identity that transcends party politics. They represent the UK to the world and embody centuries of history and tradition.<\/p>\n<h4>Continuity and Stability<\/h4>\n<p>In a rapidly changing world, the monarchy offers a sense of stability and a link to the past. It&#8217;s a thread that connects modern Britain to its historical roots, even if those roots no longer include a standalone Kingdom of England.<\/p>\n<p>So, when you next hear someone refer to &#8220;the King of England,&#8221; you now know that while well-intentioned, the title itself hasn&#8217;t been accurate for over 300 years. Our current King is the monarch of a much larger and more complex entity \u2013 the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>FAQs<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>1. Why hasn&#8217;t there been a King of England since 1707?<\/h3>\n<p>Since the Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland have been united as the Kingdom of Great Britain. As a result, the title of the monarch changed from King\/Queen of England to King\/Queen of Great Britain.<\/p>\n<h3>2. What is the Act of Union of 1707?<\/h3>\n<p>The Act of Union of 1707 was a treaty that united the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into a single, united kingdom called the Kingdom of Great Britain. This treaty resulted in the creation of a single parliament for both countries.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Who is the current monarch of the United Kingdom?<\/h3>\n<p>The current monarch of the United Kingdom is Queen Elizabeth II. She ascended to the throne in 1952 and is the longest-reigning monarch in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth-site.co.uk\/Education\/history-of-united-kingdom\/\" title=\"History of United Kingdom\">British history<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>4. What is the difference between the title &#8220;King\/Queen of England&#8221; and &#8220;King\/Queen of Great Britain&#8221;?<\/h3>\n<p>The title &#8220;King\/Queen of England&#8221; refers to the monarch before the Act of Union of 1707, when England was a separate kingdom. After the union, the title changed to &#8220;King\/Queen of Great Britain&#8221; to reflect the united kingdom.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Will there ever be a King of England again?<\/h3>\n<p>It is unlikely that there will be a separate King of England again, as the monarchy is now united under the title of the King\/Queen of the United Kingdom. Any changes to the monarchy would require significant constitutional reform.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You might have noticed that since 1707, there hasn&#8217;t been a King or Queen of England. Instead, we&#8217;ve had monarchs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"yoast_wpseo_title":["Why There Hasn't Been a King of England Since 1707\r"],"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":["You might have noticed that since 1707, there hasn't been a King or Queen of England. 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