Author name: Keir Chapman

A lush, prehistoric landscape from the Eocene Epoch features first primates, early horses, and whales by a river, surrounded by palm trees and tall cliffs. People and animals interact in the water and along the shore under a clear sky.

Eocene Epoch (56 – 34 million years ago) – First primates; early horses and whales.

The Eocene Epoch, spanning from approximately 56 to 33.9 million years ago, represents a pivotal chapter in the geological and […]

Eocene Epoch (56 – 34 million years ago) – First primates; early horses and whales. Read More »

A lush prehistoric landscape from the Palaeocene Epoch features various primates, deer-like animals, and birds near a river, surrounded by tall cliffs and greenery as mammals diversify after the dinosaur extinction beneath a misty, bright sky.

Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 million years ago) – Mammals diversify after dinosaur extinction.

The Paleocene Epoch, spanning from approximately 66 to 56 million years ago, marks a significant chapter in Earth’s geological history,

Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 million years ago) – Mammals diversify after dinosaur extinction. Read More »

Photo Fossilized mammals

Cenozoic Era (66 million years ago – Present)

The Cenozoic Era, often referred to as the “Age of Mammals,” spans from approximately 66 million years ago to the

Cenozoic Era (66 million years ago – Present) Read More »

Cretaceous Epoch (145 – 66 million years ago) – Flowering plants appear; mass extinction kills the dinosaurs

The Cretaceous Epoch, spanning from approximately 145 to 66 million years ago, represents the final chapter of the Mesozoic Era,

Cretaceous Epoch (145 – 66 million years ago) – Flowering plants appear; mass extinction kills the dinosaurs Read More »

A lush prehistoric landscape from the Triassic Epoch with first dinosaurs grazing and walking by a winding river, surrounded by palm trees, verdant mountains, and a blue sky filled with flying pterosaurs and fluffy clouds.

Triassic Epoch (252 – 201 million years ago) – First dinosaurs and mammals appear

The Triassic Epoch, spanning from approximately 252 to 201 million years ago, marks a significant period in Earth’s geological history.

Triassic Epoch (252 – 201 million years ago) – First dinosaurs and mammals appear Read More »

A lush prehistoric jungle teems with dinosaurs as a distant volcano erupts, spewing ash and lava into a vivid sunset sky. Thick plants and towering trees fill the vibrant ancient landscape of the Mesozoic Era, 66 million years ago.

Mesozoic Era (252 – 66 million years ago)

The Mesozoic Era, often referred to as the “Age of Reptiles,” spans a remarkable period from approximately 252 to 66

Mesozoic Era (252 – 66 million years ago) Read More »

Aerial view of a lush, mountainous landscape with winding rivers, dense forests, and patches of mist—reminiscent of the Permian Epoch. The horizon curves gently, hinting at the planet’s ancient surface.

Permian Epoch (299 – 252 million years ago) – Pangaea forms; mass extinction wipes out ~90% of species.

The Permian Epoch, spanning from approximately 299 to 252 million years ago, represents the final period of the Paleozoic Era.

Permian Epoch (299 – 252 million years ago) – Pangaea forms; mass extinction wipes out ~90% of species. Read More »

A small, green dinosaur stands among ferns in a dense, lush prehistoric forest with large trees and hanging moss, under soft, filtered sunlight reminiscent of the Carboniferous Period.

Carboniferous Epoch (359 – 299 million years ago) – Large coal forests; first reptiles.

The Carboniferous Epoch, spanning from approximately 359 to 299 million years ago, is a significant period in Earth’s geological history,

Carboniferous Epoch (359 – 299 million years ago) – Large coal forests; first reptiles. Read More »

A prehistoric forest with tall conifer trees and ferns spreads along a river, where the first amphibians of the Devonian Epoch thrive—some on land, others swimming—depicting vibrant Palaeozoic era life.

Devonian Epoch (419 – 359 million years ago) – First amphibians; forests spread.

The Devonian Epoch, often referred to as the “Age of Fishes,” spanned from approximately 419 to 359 million years ago.

Devonian Epoch (419 – 359 million years ago) – First amphibians; forests spread. Read More »

A prehistoric landscape from the Silurian Epoch with lush green plants, mountains, rivers, and several trilobites crawling on rocks in the foreground beneath a partly cloudy sky as the first land plants thrive.

Silurian Epoch (443 – 419 million years ago) – First land plants and insects evolve.

The Silurian Epoch, spanning from approximately 443 to 419 million years ago, represents a significant chapter in the geological history

Silurian Epoch (443 – 419 million years ago) – First land plants and insects evolve. Read More »

Sunlight streams through ocean water, illuminating a vibrant underwater scene filled with diverse fish, squid, jellyfish, corals, and sea urchins—a testament to marine biodiversity reminiscent of the Ordovician Epoch and the rise of the first vertebrates.

Ordovician Epoch (485 – 443 million years ago) – First vertebrates; marine biodiversity increases.

The Ordovician Epoch, spanning from approximately 485 to 444 million years ago, represents a significant chapter in the geological history

Ordovician Epoch (485 – 443 million years ago) – First vertebrates; marine biodiversity increases. Read More »

Photo Fossil record

Cambrian Epoch (541 – 485 million years ago) – Cambrian Explosion; complex life forms appear.

The Cambrian Epoch, which spanned from approximately 541 to 485 million years ago, marks a pivotal period in the history

Cambrian Epoch (541 – 485 million years ago) – Cambrian Explosion; complex life forms appear. Read More »