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On This Day...

: 1066
In 1066 the forces of newly crowned King Harold of England fought and lost to the Norman invaders under the command of William in the Battle of Hastings

Edward the Confessor (so-called because he was extremely religious) was crowned King of England. Edward was the penultimate Anglo-Saxon King of England. His father Ætherald II (or Etherald the unready) was exiled in Normandy after the Danish invaded in 1013 but returned to be reinstated as King in 1014. Upon Ætheralds death in 1016, the Danish took control again and Edward was forced into exile once more with his mother in Normandy. In 1041 the Danish King Sweyn died and Edward returned to England to claim his crown. His mother Emma of Normandy was the daughter of Richard 1^st of Normandy and during his reign, Edward sought council with many Norman subjects. This infuriated the many powerful English nobles including from the Godwin family. King Edward married Godwin’s daughter Edith in 1043, but when Godwin and the king argued over the Norman presence in the royal court, King Edward exiled the Godwin family. The Godwin family returned in 1052 with support from other nobles. The Godwin family were in many ways more powerful than the King and to prevent civil war King Edward exiled the Norman subjects. It is not known for certain if Edward had promised the crown to his cousin William (later to be William the Conqueror) but with the Normans gone, it was Harold Godwinson (Godwin’s son and Edward's brother-in-law) who took leadership in the country by making subjects of the Welsh and securing the Kingdom for Edward.

On the 28th of September, William's forces landed in Penvensy, England and built a wooden fort from where they wreaked havoc on the locals. Harold led his soldiers south to meet William and on the 14th of October, both sides fought for the English throne. William was victorious and Harold was killed in what became known as the Battle of Hastings.

As the Duke of Normandy, he gave his successive line powers in France as well as England. He was the first King to build Castles in order to maintain control of the English including the Tower of London and many others.

William chose noblemen who had proved their allegiance and awarded them with titles and land. In return, these noblemen had to collect taxes and supply men for the king’s foreign campaigns. In turn, these noblemen divided their land up to be governed by those they felt worthy. These people would pledge allegiance to their noblemen and collect taxes on their behalf. This system was known as the Feudal System and it served many kings very well.

In 1085 William ordered the production of a book containing details of who owned what in England as well as who owed him tax and how much they owed. The book became known as the ‘Doomsday Book’ and allowed William the Conqueror to demand all taxes owed to him.

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