History

Paleolithic Epoch (Old Stone Age) (2.5 million – 10,000 BCE) – Early humans use of simple tools; hunter-gatherer societies.

Paleolithic Epoch (Old Stone Age) (2.5 million – 10,000 BCE) – Early humans use of simple tools; hunter-gatherer societies. Read More »

Ancient cave paintings in red pigment on a rocky wall depict human figures, animals, and hunting scenes, offering a glimpse into early history. The faded drawings blend seamlessly with the natural textures and colours of the stone surface.

Human Epochs (Anthropological & Historical)

The history of humanity is a tapestry woven from a multitude of epochs, each marked by significant developments that have

Human Epochs (Anthropological & Historical) Read More »

A lifelike stegosaurus with large plates on its back stands in a lush, prehistoric forest filled with ferns and tall trees, sunlight streaming through the foliage—a vivid scene from the Jurassic Epoch when dinosaurs ruled the land.

Jurassic Epoch (201 – 145 million years ago) – Dinosaurs dominate; first birds evolve.

The Jurassic Epoch, spanning from approximately 201 to 145 million years ago, represents a pivotal chapter in Earth’s geological history.

Jurassic Epoch (201 – 145 million years ago) – Dinosaurs dominate; first birds evolve. Read More »

Holocene Epoch (Current Epoch) (11,700 years ago – present) – Rise of civilizations; rapid human expansion.

Holocene Epoch (Current Epoch) (11,700 years ago – present) – Rise of civilizations; rapid human expansion. Read More »

A row of human ancestors, from the Ice Age Pleistocene Epoch to modern Homo sapiens, stand outdoors at sunset, showing changes in posture and facial features over time as snowflakes fall around them under a dramatic sky.

Pleistocene Epoch (Ice Age) (2.5 million – 11,700 years ago) – Homo sapiens evolve; megafauna extinctions.

The Pleistocene Epoch, often referred to as the Ice Age, spanned from approximately 2.6 million years ago to about 11,700

Pleistocene Epoch (Ice Age) (2.5 million – 11,700 years ago) – Homo sapiens evolve; megafauna extinctions. Read More »

Miocene Epoch (23 – 5.3 million years ago) – First apes; mammals evolve further.

Miocene Epoch (23 – 5.3 million years ago) – First apes; mammals evolve further. Read More »

Oligocene Epoch (34 – 23 million years ago) – Global cooling; grasslands expand

Oligocene Epoch (34 – 23 million years ago) – Global cooling; grasslands expand Read More »

A lush, prehistoric landscape from the Eocene Epoch features first primates, early horses, and whales by a river, surrounded by palm trees and tall cliffs. People and animals interact in the water and along the shore under a clear sky.

Eocene Epoch (56 – 34 million years ago) – First primates; early horses and whales.

The Eocene Epoch, spanning from approximately 56 to 33.9 million years ago, represents a pivotal chapter in the geological and

Eocene Epoch (56 – 34 million years ago) – First primates; early horses and whales. Read More »

A lush prehistoric landscape from the Palaeocene Epoch features various primates, deer-like animals, and birds near a river, surrounded by tall cliffs and greenery as mammals diversify after the dinosaur extinction beneath a misty, bright sky.

Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 million years ago) – Mammals diversify after dinosaur extinction.

The Paleocene Epoch, spanning from approximately 66 to 56 million years ago, marks a significant chapter in Earth’s geological history,

Paleocene Epoch (66 – 56 million years ago) – Mammals diversify after dinosaur extinction. Read More »

A tiger lies on the grass in a shaded area next to a glass barrier and green foliage, looking directly at the camera.

Cenozoic Era (66 million years ago – Present)

The Cenozoic Era, often referred to as the “Age of Mammals,” spans from approximately 66 million years ago to the

Cenozoic Era (66 million years ago – Present) Read More »

Cretaceous Epoch (145 – 66 million years ago) – Flowering plants appear; mass extinction kills the dinosaurs

The Cretaceous Epoch, spanning from approximately 145 to 66 million years ago, represents the final chapter of the Mesozoic Era,

Cretaceous Epoch (145 – 66 million years ago) – Flowering plants appear; mass extinction kills the dinosaurs Read More »

A lush prehistoric landscape from the Triassic Epoch with first dinosaurs grazing and walking by a winding river, surrounded by palm trees, verdant mountains, and a blue sky filled with flying pterosaurs and fluffy clouds.

Triassic Epoch (252 – 201 million years ago) – First dinosaurs and mammals appear

The Triassic Epoch, spanning from approximately 252 to 201 million years ago, marks a significant period in Earth’s geological history.

Triassic Epoch (252 – 201 million years ago) – First dinosaurs and mammals appear Read More »