Capital: Cairo

Population (Estimated July 2012): 83,688,164

Area: 1,002,000 km² or 386,874 mi²

Currency: Egyptian pound (LE)

Official Language: Arabic

Political Information: Military Junta (military Committee)

Official Religion: Islam
(approximately 90% of the population are Muslim, 9% are Coptic and 1% have other Christian Beliefs)

Highest Mountain: Mount Catherine at 2,629m or 8,625ft

GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power)

(Estimated 2011): $231.9 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)

GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) 

(Estimated 2011): $515.4 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $6,500 (US$) or (GBP)

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +2:00

 

Wildlife:

 

 

Counties/Provinces/States: 27 governorates (muhafazat, singular – muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma’iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur (Luxor), Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa’id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Janub Sina’ (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina’ (North Sinai), Suhaj

 

Leaders: Mohamed Hussein Tantawi is the Chairman of the ‘Supreme Council of the Armed Forces’ who has taken over since January 2012 due to the former President, Hosni Mubarak stepping down. The current Prime Minister is Kamal al-Ganzouri.

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Egypt

Egypt, officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. It is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world’s most iconic landmarks. The history of Egypt dates back to the 10th millennium BC, making it one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The ancient Egyptians are known for their impressive architectural feats, such as the construction of the pyramids and the Great Sphinx. The civilization reached its peak during the New Kingdom period when Egypt was ruled by powerful pharaohs like Ramses II and Tutankhamun. The country was later conquered by various empires, including the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs. In the 20th century, Egypt gained independence from British colonial rule and became a republic in 1953.

Egypt has a rich and diverse history that has left a lasting impact on the world. The ancient Egyptians were pioneers in various fields, including medicine, mathematics, and engineering. They developed a sophisticated writing system known as hieroglyphics and built impressive structures that still stand today. The country’s strategic location at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe made it a hub for trade and cultural exchange. Over the centuries, Egypt has been influenced by various cultures, including Greek, Roman, and Islamic traditions. Today, Egypt is a melting pot of different ethnicities and religions, with a rich tapestry of customs and traditions that reflect its long and storied history.

Egyptian Culture and Traditions

Egyptian culture is a vibrant tapestry of traditions that have been shaped by thousands of years of history. The country is known for its rich artistic heritage, including intricate hieroglyphic writing, colourful murals, and elaborate jewellery. Egyptian music and dance are also an integral part of the culture, with traditional instruments like the oud and darbuka being used in folk performances. The country’s cuisine is another important aspect of its culture, with dishes like koshari, ful medames, and mahshi being popular staples. Egyptian festivals and celebrations are lively affairs that showcase the country’s love for music, dance, and food.

One of the most enduring traditions in Egypt is the celebration of religious holidays, such as Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr. These festivals are marked by special prayers, feasting, and acts of charity, bringing communities together in a spirit of unity and compassion. Family is at the heart of Egyptian culture, with strong bonds between relatives and a deep respect for elders. Hospitality is also a cherished value in Egypt, with guests being treated with warmth and generosity. Traditional crafts like pottery, weaving, and carpet-making are still practised in many parts of the country, preserving ancient techniques that have been passed down through generations. Overall, Egyptian culture is a vibrant mosaic of art, music, food, and customs that reflect the country’s rich history and diverse influences.

Famous Landmarks in Egypt

Egypt is home to some of the world’s most iconic landmarks, many of which date back thousands of years. The Great Pyramid of Giza is perhaps the most famous of these structures, built as a tomb for the pharaoh Khufu over 4,500 years ago. The pyramid is an architectural marvel, with precise engineering and massive stone blocks that continue to awe visitors to this day. The nearby Great Sphinx is another must-see attraction, with its enigmatic smile and imposing presence adding to the mystique of ancient Egypt. The temples of Luxor and Karnak are also popular landmarks, showcasing the grandeur of Egyptian architecture and religious devotion.

The Valley of the Kings is another important site in Egypt, containing the tombs of pharaohs and nobles from the New Kingdom period. These elaborate burial chambers are adorned with colourful murals and hieroglyphic inscriptions that offer a glimpse into ancient Egyptian beliefs and customs. The city of Alexandria is famous for its historical significance as a centre of learning and culture in the ancient world. The Library of Alexandria was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world and contained works by great thinkers such as Plato and Socrates. Today, Egypt continues to be a treasure trove of archaeological wonders, with ongoing discoveries shedding new light on the country’s rich history.

Egyptian Cuisine and Culinary Traditions

Egyptian cuisine is a delicious fusion of flavours and ingredients that reflects the country’s diverse cultural influences. Staple foods in Egypt include bread, rice, beans, and vegetables, which are often combined with aromatic herbs and spices to create hearty and satisfying dishes. Koshari is a popular street food made with rice, lentils, and pasta, and topped with a spicy tomato sauce and crispy fried onions. Ful medames is another classic dish made from fava beans that are slow-cooked until creamy and then seasoned with garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil. Mahshi is a traditional dish made from vegetables like zucchini or grape leaves stuffed with a savoury mixture of rice, herbs, and spices.

Meat dishes are also common in Egyptian cuisine, with lamb being a popular choice for grilling or stewing. Kebabs are a favourite street food, often served with pita bread and tahini sauce. Seafood is abundant along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast and is often prepared with fragrant spices like cumin, coriander, and saffron. Desserts in Egypt are sweet treats made from ingredients like honey, nuts, and dried fruits. Baklava is a popular pastry made from layers of phyllo dough filled with nuts and sweetened with syrup or honey. Egyptian cuisine also includes a variety of refreshing beverages like hibiscus tea (karkadeh) and sugarcane juice (aseer asab). Overall, Egyptian cuisine is a delightful blend of flavours that reflects the country’s rich culinary heritage.

Modern Egypt: Economy and Politics

Modern Egypt has undergone significant changes since gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1953. The country has a mixed economy that relies on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and natural resources like oil and gas. Agriculture has traditionally been an important sector in Egypt, with crops like cotton, rice, and wheat being major exports. The Suez Canal is another crucial source of revenue for Egypt, providing a vital link for global trade between Europe and Asia. Tourism is also a significant contributor to the economy, with millions of visitors flocking to see Egypt’s ancient wonders each year.

In recent years, Egypt has made efforts to modernise its economy through infrastructure projects and economic reforms. The government has also invested in renewable energy sources like wind and solar power to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. However, the country still faces challenges such as high unemployment rates and income inequality. In terms of politics, Egypt is a republic with a president as the head of state. The country has experienced periods of political instability and social unrest in recent decades but has made efforts to strengthen democratic institutions and promote human rights. Overall, modern Egypt continues to navigate the complexities of economic development and political reform as it strives to build a prosperous future for its people.

Tourism in Egypt

Tourism is a vital industry in Egypt, attracting millions of visitors each year who come to explore its ancient wonders and vibrant culture. The country’s historical landmarks are a major draw for tourists, with iconic sites like the pyramids of Giza, the temples of Luxor, and the Valley of the Kings being must-see attractions. The bustling city of Cairo offers a lively mix of modern amenities alongside historical treasures like the Egyptian Museum and Islamic Cairo’s medieval architecture.

The Red Sea coast is another popular destination for tourists seeking sun, sand, and sea. The resort towns of Sharm El Sheikh and Hurghada offer world-class diving opportunities along coral reefs teeming with marine life. Adventure seekers can also explore the vast deserts of Egypt on camel treks or jeep safaris to experience the stark beauty of this ancient landscape. Cultural experiences such as traditional music performances, folk festivals, and culinary tours provide visitors with an immersive look into Egyptian life. With its warm climate, rich history, and diverse attractions, Egypt continues to be a top destination for travellers seeking an unforgettable adventure.

Current Events in Egypt

In recent years, Egypt has faced various challenges related to political stability, economic development, and social issues. The government has made efforts to address these challenges through initiatives aimed at boosting infrastructure development, promoting investment opportunities, and improving public services. However, there have also been concerns about human rights violations and restrictions on freedom of expression.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on Egypt’s economy and public health system. The government has implemented measures to control the spread of the virus while also working to support businesses affected by lockdowns and travel restrictions. In addition to these challenges, Egypt continues to grapple with issues related to water scarcity, urbanisation pressures, and environmental conservation.

Despite these challenges, Egypt remains a resilient nation with a rich cultural heritage and a strong sense of national identity. The country’s diverse population continues to contribute to its vibrant arts scene, culinary traditions, and community celebrations. As Egypt continues to navigate its path towards progress and prosperity, it remains an important player on the global stage with its strategic location at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe.
Egypt’s historical significance and modern influence make it a key player in regional and international affairs. Its strategic location at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe gives it a unique position in global trade and diplomacy. The country’s rich cultural heritage, from the ancient wonders of the world to its contemporary arts and cuisine, continues to attract visitors from around the globe. Despite its challenges, Egypt’s resilience and enduring sense of national identity ensure that it will remain an important and influential nation for years to come.

FAQs

 

What is the capital of Egypt?

The capital of Egypt is Cairo, which is also the largest city in the country.

What is the official language of Egypt?

The official language of Egypt is Arabic.

What is the currency used in Egypt?

The currency used in Egypt is the Egyptian pound (EGP).

What is the population of Egypt?

As of 2021, the population of Egypt is estimated to be around 104 million people.

What are the major tourist attractions in Egypt?

Some of the major tourist attractions in Egypt include the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, the Egyptian Museum, the Nile River, and the ancient temples of Luxor and Karnak.

What is the climate like in Egypt?

Egypt has a desert climate, with hot and dry summers and mild winters. The country experiences very little rainfall.

What are the main industries in Egypt?

The main industries in Egypt include tourism, agriculture, petroleum and natural gas production, textiles, and construction.

What are the major historical landmarks in Egypt?

Some of the major historical landmarks in Egypt include the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Temple of Karnak, the Valley of the Kings, and the Abu Simbel temples.