Georgia
(Sakartvelo)
Capital: Tbilisi
Population (Estimated July 2012): 4,570,934
Area: 69,700 km2 or 26,911 mi2
Currency: Georgian Lari (GEL)
Official Language: Georgian
Political Information: Unitary Semi-Presidential Republic
Official Religion: Orthodox Christian (approximately 83.9% of the population are Orthodox Christian, 9.9% are Muslim, 3.9% are Armenian-Gregorian, 1.6% have other religious beliefs and 0.7% have no religious beliefs)
Highest Mountain: Mt’a Shkhara at 5,201m or 17,064ft
GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power)
(Estimated 2011): $13.8 billion (US$) or (GBP)
GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)
GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States)
(Estimated 2011): $24.51 billion (US$) or (GBP)
GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $5,400 (US$) or (GBP)
Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +4:00
Wildlife:
Counties/Provinces/States: 9 regions (mkharebi, singular – mkhare), 1 city (k’alak’i), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular – avtom respublika)
regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli
city: Tbilisi
autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap’khazet’is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat’umi)
note: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses
Leaders: President Mikheil Saakashvili with Prime Minister Nikoloz Gilauri
Additional: Gained Independence from the Soviet Union on the 9th of April 1991.
Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Georgia
Georgia, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, is a country known for its diverse landscape, rich cultural heritage, and warm hospitality. With a population of approximately 3.7 million people, Georgia is a small but vibrant nation that offers a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern influences. From its stunning mountain ranges to its picturesque coastline along the Black Sea, Georgia is a land of natural beauty that attracts tourists from all over the world. As a tourist destination, Georgia has gained increasing popularity in recent years. Its rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking landscapes make it an ideal place for travellers seeking an authentic and immersive experience. Whether you’re exploring the ancient cave cities of Uplistsikhe or sampling traditional Georgian cuisine in Tbilisi’s bustling food markets, there is something for everyone in this diverse and enchanting country.
Summary
- Georgia is a diverse country with a rich culture that spans from ancient times to the modern era.
- The geography and climate of Georgia offer a unique mix of mountains, seas, and forests.
- The economy of Georgia is driven by agriculture, tourism, and emerging industries.
- Georgian cuisine is a fusion of traditional and modern flavours, and Georgian wine has a rich history and unique terroir.
- Georgian art, architecture, music, and dance are all vibrant and expressive traditions that are celebrated year-round.
History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to Modern Era
The history of Georgia dates back thousands of years, with evidence of human habitation in the region as early as the Paleolithic era. Over the centuries, Georgia has been influenced by various empires and kingdoms, including the Persian Empire, the Roman Empire, and the Byzantine Empire. In the 11th century, Georgia became a unified kingdom under King David IV, known as David the Builder, who led a period of cultural and economic revival. Throughout its history, Georgia has faced numerous invasions and conflicts. In the 19th century, it was annexed by the Russian Empire and later became part of the Soviet Union. After gaining independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia went through a period of political and economic transition.
Geography and Climate of Georgia: A Mix of Mountains, Sea, and Forests
Georgia’s geography is incredibly diverse, with a landscape that includes towering mountains, lush forests, and a stunning coastline along the Black Sea. The country is located in the South Caucasus region, bordered by Russia to the north, Turkey and Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the east. The Caucasus Mountains, which run through Georgia, are a major geographical feature of the country. Mount Shkhara, the highest peak in Georgia, reaches an elevation of 5,201 meters (17,059 feet). The mountainous terrain provides opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, and mountaineering. In addition to its mountains, Georgia is also home to a diverse range of ecosystems. The country’s forests are known for their biodiversity, with a variety of plant and animal species. The Black Sea coast offers beautiful beaches and coastal resorts, attracting tourists during the summer months. Georgia experiences a moderate climate, with hot summers and mild winters. However, due to its diverse topography, there are significant variations in climate across different regions of the country. The western part of Georgia has a humid subtropical climate, while the eastern part has a more continental climate with hot summers and cold winters.
Economy of Georgia: Agriculture, Tourism, and Emerging Industries
The economy of Georgia is primarily based on agriculture, with key crops including grapes, citrus fruits, tea, and hazelnuts. The country is known for its wine production, with traditional winemaking techniques that date back thousands of years. In recent years, Georgia’s wine industry has gained international recognition for its unique flavours and high-quality wines. Tourism is also an important sector of Georgia’s economy. The country’s rich cultural heritage and natural beauty attract visitors from around the world. Popular tourist destinations include Tbilisi, the capital city known for its historic architecture and vibrant nightlife; Batumi, a coastal city with modern skyscrapers and a lively beachfront; and Svaneti, a mountainous region famous for its medieval towers and hiking trails. In addition to agriculture and tourism, Georgia is also experiencing growth in emerging industries such as technology and renewable energy. The country has become a hub for startups and innovation, with a growing number of tech companies and incubators. Georgia is also investing in renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectric power and solar energy, to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
Georgian Cuisine: A Fusion of Traditional and Modern Flavors
Georgian cuisine is known for its bold flavors, unique ingredients, and traditional cooking techniques. Influenced by its location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, Georgian cuisine combines elements of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Eastern European cooking. One of the most iconic dishes in Georgian cuisine is khachapuri, a cheese-filled bread that comes in various shapes and sizes. Another popular dish is khinkali, a type of dumpling filled with meat or cheese. Other traditional dishes include badrijani nigvzit (eggplant rolls with walnut paste), lobio (bean stew), and chakhokhbili (chicken stew with tomatoes). Georgian cuisine also features a wide variety of herbs and spices, such as coriander, dill, fenugreek, and saffron. These ingredients add depth and complexity to the dishes, creating a unique culinary experience. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in Georgian cuisine both within the country and internationally. Chefs are experimenting with modern twists on traditional dishes, incorporating new ingredients and techniques to create innovative and exciting flavours.
Georgian Wine: A Rich History and Unique Terroir
Georgia has a long history of winemaking that dates back over 8,000 years. The country is considered one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world, with evidence of grape cultivation and winemaking techniques found in archaeological sites. Traditional Georgian winemaking involves fermenting the grapes in large clay vessels called qvevri, which are buried underground. This ancient method of winemaking, known as qvevri winemaking, is recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. Georgia is known for its unique grape varieties, such as Saperavi, Rkatsiteli, and Kisi. These grapes produce wines with distinct flavours and characteristics that reflect the country’s terroir. The wine regions of Kakheti and Kartli are particularly renowned for their high-quality wines. In recent years, Georgian wines have gained international recognition and are increasingly sought after by wine enthusiasts around the world. The country’s winemakers are embracing modern techniques while still preserving the traditional methods that make Georgian wine so special.
Georgian Art and Architecture: From Medieval Churches to Contemporary Art Galleries
Georgian art and architecture have a rich history that spans centuries. The country is home to numerous medieval churches, monasteries, and fortresses that showcase unique architectural styles and intricate craftsmanship. One of the most famous examples of Georgian architecture is the Gelati Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage site located near the city of Kutaisi. Built in the 12th century, the monastery features stunning frescoes and mosaics that depict biblical scenes. Tbilisi, the capital city of Georgia, is also known for its diverse architectural styles. The Old Town area is a maze of narrow streets lined with colourful houses and traditional balconies. The city also boasts modern architectural landmarks, such as the Bridge of Peace and the Tbilisi Concert Hall. In addition to its historic architecture, Georgia has a thriving contemporary art scene. Tbilisi is home to numerous art galleries and museums that showcase the work of local and international artists. The annual Tbilisi Art Fair attracts art collectors and enthusiasts from around the world.
Georgian Music and Dance: A Vibrant and Expressive Tradition
Georgian music and dance are an integral part of the country’s cultural heritage. Traditional Georgian music is characterized by its polyphonic singing, which involves multiple voices singing different melodies simultaneously. This unique style of singing creates a rich and harmonious sound that is instantly recognizable. The traditional musical instruments of Georgia include the panduri, a three-stringed lute; the doli, a double-headed drum; and the chonguri, a four-stringed plucked instrument. These instruments are often accompanied by traditional dances, which are known for their energetic movements and intricate footwork. Georgian dance has a long history and is deeply rooted in the country’s traditions and customs. There are various regional dance styles in Georgia, each with its own distinctive costumes and choreography. The dances often tell stories or depict scenes from everyday life, such as farming or hunting. Today, Georgian music and dance continue to thrive, with numerous ensembles and dance troupes performing both within the country and internationally. The Georgian National Ballet, also known as Sukhishvili, is one of the most famous dance companies in the world and has toured extensively to showcase the country’s rich cultural heritage.
Georgian Festivals and Celebrations: A Year-round Calendar of Events
Georgia has a vibrant calendar of festivals and celebrations that reflect its rich cultural traditions and religious heritage. From religious holidays to folk festivals, there is always something happening in Georgia throughout the year. One of the most important religious holidays in Georgia is Easter, which is celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy. The holiday is marked by church services, feasts, and traditional egg cracking games. Another significant religious holiday is Christmas, which is celebrated on January 7th according to the Georgian Orthodox calendar. In addition to religious holidays, Georgia also celebrates various folk festivals that showcase traditional music, dance, and crafts. The Tbilisi Open Air Festival, held in July, is a popular music festival that features both local and international artists. The Alaverdi Wine Festival, held in October, celebrates the country’s winemaking traditions with wine tastings, music, and dance performances.
Travel Tips for Exploring Georgia: Must-See Destinations and Local Customs
If you’re planning a trip to Georgia, here are some travel tips to help you make the most of your visit: 1. Visit Tbilisi: The capital city of Georgia is a must-see destination, with its historic architecture, vibrant food scene, and lively nightlife. Explore the Old Town area, visit the Narikala Fortress for panoramic views of the city, and sample traditional Georgian cuisine in local restaurants. 2. Explore the Caucasus Mountains: Georgia’s mountainous landscape offers numerous opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, and mountaineering. Visit the Svaneti region to see its medieval towers and explore the hiking trails in the Kazbegi National Park. 3. Experience Georgian hospitality: Georgians are known for their warm hospitality and love for guests. Don’t be surprised if you’re invited into someone’s home for a meal or offered a glass of wine by a stranger. Embrace the local customs and traditions, and you’ll be rewarded with unforgettable experiences. 4. Try traditional Georgian cuisine: Georgian cuisine is a highlight of any visit to the country. Don’t miss the chance to try khachapuri, khinkali, and other traditional dishes. Wash it down with a glass of Georgian wine for the full culinary experience. 5. Respect local customs and etiquette: Georgians have their own customs and traditions that should be respected by visitors. Dress modestly when visiting religious sites, remove your shoes when entering someone’s home, and avoid discussing sensitive topics such as politics or religion. In conclusion, Georgia is a land of diversity and rich culture that offers a unique and immersive travel experience. From its stunning landscapes to its vibrant cities, there is something for everyone in this enchanting country. Whether you’re exploring ancient churches, sampling traditional cuisine, or dancing to the rhythm of Georgian music, you’ll be captivated by the warmth and hospitality of the Georgian people. So pack your bags and get ready to embark on a journey of discovery in the beautiful country of Georgia.
FAQs
What is Georgia?
Georgia is a country located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. It is situated at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe.
What is the capital city of Georgia?
The capital city of Georgia is Tbilisi.
What is the population of Georgia?
As of 2021, the estimated population of Georgia is around 3.7 million.
What is the official language of Georgia?
The official language of Georgia is Georgian.
What is the currency of Georgia?
The currency of Georgia is Georgian lari (GEL).
What is the climate like in Georgia?
Georgia has a diverse climate due to its location between the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains. The western part of the country has a humid subtropical climate, while the eastern part has a continental climate. The high mountain regions have a cold alpine climate.
What are the major religions in Georgia?
The major religion in Georgia is Orthodox Christianity, followed by Islam and Armenian Apostolic Christianity.
What are the major tourist attractions in Georgia?
Some of the major tourist attractions in Georgia include Tbilisi Old Town, Svaneti region, Batumi city, Kazbegi National Park, and the ancient cave city of Uplistsikhe.
Political Boundaries of the Country of Georgia: Provinces, Districts, or Historical Boundaries.
Georgia, a country located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and stunning landscapes. The political boundaries of Georgia play a crucial role in shaping the governance and administration of the country. These boundaries define the territorial limits within which the government exercises its authority and provide a framework for the organization of administrative units. Understanding the political boundaries of Georgia is essential for comprehending the country’s political, social, and economic dynamics. The political boundaries of Georgia are delineated by its provinces and districts, which are further influenced by historical boundaries that have evolved over centuries. These boundaries have a significant impact on the distribution of resources, representation, and decision-making processes within the country. As such, they are integral to the functioning of Georgia’s political system and have a profound influence on the lives of its citizens. Summary Georgia’s political boundaries are defined by its provinces and districts, which play a crucial role in the country’s governance and administration. The provinces of Georgia are administrative regions that are further divided into districts, each with its own unique characteristics and governance structure. The historical boundaries of Georgia have evolved over time, influenced by various geopolitical and cultural factors, shaping the country’s identity and territorial integrity. A comparison of provinces, districts, and historical boundaries provides insight into the complex and dynamic nature of Georgia’s political landscape. The importance of political boundaries in Georgia cannot be overstated, as they determine the distribution of resources, representation, and decision-making processes within the country. These boundaries also play a key role in shaping the identity...
Climate Zones Of The country of Georgia: Different climate regions Of The country of Georgia
Georgia, a country located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, boasts a diverse range of climate zones due to its unique geographical location and topography. The country is characterized by a varied landscape, including lowlands, highlands, and mountain ranges, which contribute to the formation of distinct climate zones. The climate in Georgia is influenced by the Black Sea to the west and the Caucasus Mountains to the north, creating a complex system of weather patterns and temperature variations. As a result, Georgia experiences a range of climates, from subtropical to alpine, making it a fascinating destination for nature enthusiasts and climate researchers alike. Summary Georgia has a diverse climate with several distinct zones, each with its own unique characteristics and weather patterns. The Colchis Lowland in western Georgia experiences a humid subtropical climate, with high rainfall and mild temperatures throughout the year. The Kolkheti Lowland, also in western Georgia, has a similar climate to the Colchis Lowland, with high humidity and abundant precipitation. The Meskheti Range in southern Georgia has a more continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters, and lower levels of precipitation compared to the lowland areas. The Trialeti Range and Likhi Range in central Georgia have a transitional climate, with a mix of subtropical and continental influences, resulting in varied weather patterns and temperatures. The Colchis Lowland The Colchis Lowland, located in western Georgia along the Black Sea coast, is known for its subtropical climate and lush vegetation. This region experiences high levels of precipitation throughout the year, with mild winters and warm, humid summers. The combination of ample rainfall and moderate...
Natural Resources of the Country of Georgia: Where Natural Resources are Located in the Country of Georgia
Georgia, a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, is blessed with a diverse range of natural resources. From fertile agricultural land to rich mineral deposits, abundant water sources, and vast forests, Georgia’s natural resources play a crucial role in the state’s economy and overall well-being. The state’s geographical diversity, including the Appalachian Mountains in the north and the coastal plains in the south, contributes to the wide array of natural resources found within its borders. Georgia’s natural resources have been instrumental in shaping the state’s history, culture, and economic development, making them an integral part of its identity. Summary Georgia is rich in natural resources, including agricultural, mineral, energy, water, and forest resources. The agricultural resources in Georgia include a variety of crops such as peanuts, peaches, and pecans, making it a significant contributor to the state’s economy. Georgia is known for its mineral resources, including kaolin, marble, and granite, which are used in various industries such as construction and manufacturing. The state of Georgia has diverse energy resources, including natural gas, coal, and renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. Water resources in Georgia are abundant, with the state being home to several major rivers and reservoirs, providing water for agriculture, industry, and public consumption. Georgia’s forest resources are extensive, with the state being one of the leading producers of timber and wood products in the United States. Conservation and management of Georgia’s natural resources are essential to ensure sustainable use and preservation for future generations. Agricultural Resources in Georgia Agriculture is a vital component of Georgia’s economy, and the state is renowned...
Cultural or Historical Sites of the Country of Georgia: Important Cultural Landmarks or Historical Sites in the Country of Georgia
The ancient cave city of Uplistsikhe is a remarkable archaeological site located in eastern Georgia, dating back to the early Iron Age. The city is believed to have been inhabited from the 6th century BC until the 13th century AD, making it one of the oldest urban settlements in the region. The name “Uplistsikhe” translates to “the lord’s fortress” in English, and the site is indeed a complex of rock-cut structures, including dwellings, temples, and even a theater. The city was strategically positioned along the Silk Road, which contributed to its prosperity and importance as a cultural and religious center. Uplistsikhe is a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of ancient Georgian civilization. The rock-cut structures were carved directly into the volcanic rock, creating a labyrinthine network of streets, tunnels, and chambers. The city’s architecture reflects a blend of different cultural influences, including Hellenistic, Persian, and Roman elements. The site also features a complex system of water channels and cisterns, demonstrating advanced engineering skills. Today, visitors can explore the ancient cave dwellings, climb to the top of the rocky plateau for panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, and marvel at the intricate carvings and frescoes that adorn the rock-cut structures. Uplistsikhe stands as a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Georgia, offering a fascinating glimpse into the ancient past of the region. Summary Uplistsikhe is an ancient cave city in Georgia, dating back to the early Iron Age Mtskheta is a historic town and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world Svetitskhoveli Cathedral is a stunning architectural marvel and a major religious center...
Terrain and Topography of The country of Georgia: mountains, valleys, and plains.
Georgia, a country located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, boasts a diverse and captivating terrain that is as varied as it is stunning. From the majestic peaks of the Caucasus Mountains to the lush valleys and vast plains, Georgia’s topography is a testament to the country’s natural beauty and geological diversity. The terrain of Georgia is a result of millions of years of geological processes, including tectonic movements, volcanic activity, and erosion, which have shaped the landscape into a unique and captivating mosaic of natural wonders. The topography of Georgia is characterised by its rugged and mountainous terrain, with the Caucasus Mountains dominating the northern part of the country. These mountains, which stretch from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, are home to some of the highest peaks in Europe, including Mount Shkhara and Mount Kazbek. The southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains are known for their steep cliffs, deep gorges, and alpine meadows, while the northern slopes are covered in dense forests and alpine tundra. In addition to the Caucasus Mountains, Georgia is also home to a number of other mountain ranges, including the Lesser Caucasus and the Trialeti Range, which further add to the country’s diverse topography. Summary Georgia’s terrain and topography are incredibly diverse, ranging from mountains to plains and everything in between. The Caucasus Mountains dominate the northern part of the country, offering breathtaking views and challenging terrain for adventurers. The lush and fertile valleys of Georgia are home to thriving agriculture and vibrant communities. The vast plains of Georgia provide important grazing land for livestock and contribute to the...
History of the Country of Georgia
Georgia, located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, has a rich and diverse history that dates back to ancient times. The region was inhabited by various tribes and kingdoms, including the Colchians and Iberians, as early as the 6th century BThese early civilizations were known for their advanced agricultural practices, metalworking, and trade with neighbouring regions. The Colchians, in particular, were renowned for their skilled craftsmanship and were mentioned in Greek mythology as the people who possessed the Golden Fleece. The ancient kingdoms of Georgia were also influenced by the Greek, Persian, and Roman empires, which left a lasting impact on the region’s culture, language, and architecture. The Kingdom of Iberia, in particular, played a significant role in the spread of Christianity in the 4th century AD, making Georgia one of the earliest Christian nations in the world. The early civilizations in Georgia laid the foundation for the country’s unique identity and cultural heritage, which continues to be celebrated and preserved to this day. Summary Early civilizations in Georgia date back to the 4th millennium BC, with evidence of advanced societies in the region. The Golden Age of Georgia occurred during the 11th and 12th centuries, marked by cultural and economic prosperity under the Bagrationi dynasty. Mongol and Ottoman rule brought significant challenges to Georgia, including invasions and the loss of territory. The Russian Empire annexed Georgia in the 19th century, leading to its incorporation into the Soviet Union in 1921. Independence and the Rose Revolution in 2003 marked a turning point for Georgia, leading to democratic reforms and closer ties with the West. Modern Georgia...
Population Density of the Country of Georgia
Population density refers to the number of people living in a specific area, usually measured per square kilometre or square mile. It is an important demographic indicator that provides insights into the distribution of people within a region. In the context of Georgia, population density plays a crucial role in shaping the social, economic, and environmental landscape of the state. Understanding population density is essential for urban planning, resource allocation, and policy-making. By examining the factors affecting population density, the impact on infrastructure and resources, and the challenges and opportunities it presents, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of this key aspect of Georgia’s demographic profile. Summary Population density refers to the number of people living in a specific area, usually measured in square miles or square kilometers. Factors affecting population density in Georgia include natural resources, climate, economic opportunities, and government policies. Urban areas in Georgia have higher population density compared to rural areas, due to better job opportunities and access to amenities. High population density in Georgia puts pressure on infrastructure and resources, leading to challenges in providing adequate services and maintaining environmental sustainability. When comparing population density in Georgia to other countries, it is important to consider the country’s size, economic development, and geographical features. Factors Affecting Population Density in Georgia Several factors influence population density in Georgia. Firstly, geographical features such as mountains, rivers, and coastlines can significantly impact the distribution of population. For example, the metropolitan areas of Atlanta and Savannah are located near major water bodies, making them attractive for settlement and leading to higher population density. Additionally, economic opportunities and employment prospects...
