Capital: Reykjavik

Population (Estimated July 2012): 313,183

Area: 103,000 km² or 39,769 mi²

Currency: Icelandic Króna (ISK)

Official Language: Icelandic

Political Information: Parliamentary Republic

Official Religion: Evangelical Lutheran
(approximately 80.7% of the population are Lutheran, 2.5% are Roman Catholic, 2.4% follow the Reykjavik Free Church, 1.6% follow the Hafnarfjorour Free Church and 14.4% have other or unspecified religious beliefs)

Highest Mountain: Öræfajökull at 2,109.6m or 6,921ft

GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)

(Estimated 2011): $14.1 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)

GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and the use of resources but is not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) 

(Estimated 2011): $12.33 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $38,000 (US$) or (GBP)

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT

Wildlife:

 Counties/Provinces/States: 8 regions; Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir and Vesturland.

Leaders: President Ólafur Ragnar Grimsson with Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurõttir.

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Iceland

Iceland, located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is a Nordic island country known for its stunning natural landscapes, including geysers, hot springs, waterfalls, and volcanoes. The country is situated at the juncture of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, which has resulted in a unique geological landscape. The capital city, Reykjavik, is the northernmost capital of a sovereign state in the world. The climate in Iceland is characterized by cool summers and cold winters, with strong winds and frequent changes in weather. The country experiences long daylight hours in the summer due to its high latitude, while in the winter, it has very short daylight hours. The diverse geography and climate of Iceland make it a fascinating destination for travellers seeking adventure and natural beauty.

Iceland’s location near the Arctic Circle means that it experiences a subarctic climate, with temperatures ranging from an average of 13°C (55°F) in the summer to -1°C (30°F) in the winter. The weather can be unpredictable, with sudden changes and strong winds, so visitors should be prepared for all types of conditions. The country is also known for its geothermal activity, with hot springs and geysers scattered throughout the landscape. This unique geological feature has led to the development of geothermal power plants, which provide a significant portion of Iceland’s energy needs. Overall, Iceland’s geography and climate make it a truly distinctive destination for travellers looking to experience the wonders of nature in a remote and beautiful setting.

Iceland’s Unique Culture and Traditions

Iceland has a rich cultural heritage that is shaped by its history, geography, and isolation from mainland Europe. The country’s population is relatively small, with just over 300,000 people, and this has contributed to a strong sense of community and tradition. Icelandic culture is deeply rooted in storytelling, with a strong literary tradition that dates back to the medieval sagas. The Icelandic language has changed very little over the centuries, allowing modern Icelanders to read and understand these ancient texts. In addition to literature, music and art are also important aspects of Icelandic culture, with many artists drawing inspiration from the country’s natural beauty and unique landscapes.

One of the most well-known traditions in Iceland is the annual Þorrablót festival, which celebrates traditional Icelandic food and drink. During this festival, locals gather to enjoy traditional dishes such as hákarl (fermented shark) and svið (boiled sheep’s head), as well as Brennivín, a strong Icelandic schnapps. Another important cultural tradition is the Icelandic national costume, known as the Þjóðbúningur, which is worn during special occasions and celebrations. This traditional dress is based on historical clothing styles and is a symbol of national pride and identity. Overall, Iceland’s unique culture and traditions are an integral part of what makes the country such a fascinating and distinctive destination for travellers.

Exploring Iceland’s Natural Wonders

Iceland is renowned for its breathtaking natural wonders, from majestic waterfalls to stunning glaciers and volcanic landscapes. One of the most iconic natural attractions in Iceland is the Golden Circle, a popular tourist route that includes three primary stops: Þingvellir National Park, Geysir Geothermal Area, and Gullfoss Waterfall. Þingvellir National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its historical significance as the original site of Iceland’s parliament and its unique geological features. The Geysir Geothermal Area is home to the famous Strokkur geyser, which erupts every few minutes, shooting hot water high into the air. Gullfoss Waterfall is another highlight of the Golden Circle, with its powerful cascades plunging into a deep canyon.

Another must-see natural wonder in Iceland is the Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon, located in the southeast of the country. This stunning glacial lake is filled with icebergs that have broken off from the nearby Breiðamerkurjökull glacier, creating a mesmerising and ever-changing landscape. Visitors can take boat tours to get up close to the icebergs and witness the beauty of this unique natural phenomenon. Additionally, Iceland is home to numerous other natural attractions, including the famous Blue Lagoon geothermal spa, the dramatic black sand beaches of Reynisfjara, and the otherworldly landscapes of Landmannalaugar. With its diverse range of natural wonders, Iceland offers an unparalleled opportunity for travellers to explore some of the most awe-inspiring landscapes on Earth.

Icelandic Cuisine and Local Delicacies

Icelandic cuisine is influenced by the country’s unique geography and climate, with an emphasis on fresh seafood, lamb, and dairy products. One of the most famous traditional dishes in Iceland is hákarl, or fermented shark meat, which has a strong ammonia smell and a pungent taste. While hákarl may not be to everyone’s taste, it is an important part of Icelandic culinary heritage and is often served during special occasions and festivals. Another traditional Icelandic delicacy is svið, or boiled sheep’s head, which is considered a delicacy by some locals. For those with less adventurous palates, Icelandic cuisine also includes delicious seafood dishes such as grilled salmon, smoked trout, and langoustine soup.

In addition to traditional dishes, Iceland is known for its high-quality dairy products, including skyr, a type of cultured dairy product similar to yogurt but with a milder flavour and thicker texture. Skyr has been a staple of Icelandic cuisine for centuries and is often enjoyed with fresh berries or honey as a healthy and delicious snack. Another popular dairy product in Iceland is rjómaostur, or cream cheese, which is often used as a spread on bread or crackers. Overall, Icelandic cuisine offers a unique blend of traditional dishes and local delicacies that reflect the country’s cultural heritage and natural resources.

The History and Heritage of Iceland

Iceland has a rich history that dates back over 1,000 years to the time of the Vikings. The country was settled by Norse explorers in the 9th century, who established one of the world’s first democratic parliaments at Þingvellir in 930 AD. This early form of governance laid the foundation for Iceland’s modern political system and is considered a significant milestone in the history of democracy. The medieval Icelandic sagas are also an important part of the country’s cultural heritage, providing valuable insights into Viking society and traditions. These epic tales have been passed down through generations and continue to be celebrated as an integral part of Icelandic identity.

In addition to its Viking heritage, Iceland has also experienced periods of foreign rule and influence, including domination by Norway and later Denmark. The country gained independence from Denmark in 1944 and has since developed into a modern and prosperous nation with a strong emphasis on education, healthcare, and social welfare. Today, Icelanders take great pride in their history and heritage, with many cultural institutions dedicated to preserving and promoting the country’s unique traditions. From ancient Viking settlements to modern-day achievements in literature and the arts, Iceland’s history and heritage are an essential part of what makes the country such a fascinating destination for travellers.

Activities and Adventures in Iceland

Iceland offers a wide range of activities and adventures for travellers seeking outdoor experiences in a stunning natural setting. One of the most popular activities in Iceland is hiking, with numerous trails that lead through diverse landscapes such as volcanic fields, glaciers, and lush valleys. The Laugavegur Trail is one of the most famous hiking routes in Iceland, offering hikers the chance to explore some of the country’s most spectacular scenery over several days. For those seeking more adrenaline-fuelled adventures, Iceland also offers opportunities for glacier hiking, ice climbing, and even snowmobiling on top of glaciers.

Another popular activity in Iceland is whale watching, with several coastal towns offering boat tours that provide the chance to see these magnificent creatures up close in their natural habitat. The waters around Iceland are home to various species of whales, including humpback whales, minke whales, and orcas. Additionally, visitors can also enjoy birdwatching in Iceland, with opportunities to see puffins, arctic terns, and other seabirds nesting along the coastline during the summer months. For those interested in exploring beneath the surface, diving or snorkelling in Silfra Fissure offers a truly unique experience to swim between two tectonic plates in crystal-clear glacial water.

Practical Tips for Visiting Iceland

Travelling to Iceland requires some preparation due to its unique climate and remote location. It’s important to pack appropriate clothing for all types of weather conditions, including waterproof outerwear, warm layers, sturdy hiking boots, and swimwear for visiting geothermal pools or hot springs. Additionally, it’s advisable to rent a four-wheel-drive vehicle if you plan on exploring more remote areas or driving on gravel roads.

When it comes to accommodation in Iceland, there are various options available including hotels, guesthouses, hostels or camping sites for those who prefer outdoor adventures. It’s recommended to book accommodation well in advance especially during peak tourist seasons as availability can be limited.

Finally, it’s important to be mindful of environmental conservation when visiting Iceland’s natural wonders. Visitors should stay on marked trails when hiking to avoid damaging fragile ecosystems and respect wildlife by observing from a distance without disturbing their natural behaviour.

In conclusion, Iceland offers an unparalleled opportunity for travellers to experience some of the most breathtaking natural landscapes on Earth while immersing themselves in a rich cultural heritage that dates back over 1,000 years. From its unique geological features to its traditional cuisine and vibrant arts scene, Iceland has something to offer every type of traveller seeking adventure and exploration in a truly extraordinary setting. With careful planning and an open mind towards new experiences, visiting Iceland can be an unforgettable journey that leaves a lasting impression on all who have the privilege to explore this remarkable country.

FAQs

What is the population of Iceland?

The population of Iceland is approximately 366,000 people.

What is the capital city of Iceland?

The capital city of Iceland is Reykjavik.

What is the currency used in Iceland?

The currency used in Iceland is the Icelandic króna (ISK).

What are the major industries in Iceland?

The major industries in Iceland include fishing, tourism, renewable energy, and aluminum smelting.

What are some popular tourist attractions in Iceland?

Popular tourist attractions in Iceland include the Blue Lagoon, Gullfoss waterfall, Geysir geothermal area, and the Northern Lights.

What is the climate like in Iceland?

Iceland has a cold temperate maritime climate, with mild summers and cold winters. The weather can be quite unpredictable due to its location in the North Atlantic.

What are some traditional Icelandic dishes?

Traditional Icelandic dishes include fermented shark (hákarl), lamb soup (kjötsúpa), and skyr (a type of yogurt).

What are the main languages spoken in Iceland?

The main language spoken in Iceland is Icelandic. English is also widely spoken and understood, especially in tourist areas.