Iraq
(Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Irāqīyah (Republic of Iraq))
Capital: Baghdad
Population (Estimated July 2012): 31,129,225
Area: 434,128 km2 or 167,618 mi2
Currency: Iraqi Dinar (ID)
Official Language: Arabic and Kurdish
Political Information: Federal Parliamentary Republic
Official Religion: Islam
(approximately 97% of the population are Muslim and 3% are Christian)
Highest Mountain: Cheekah Dar 3,611m or 11,847ft
GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)
(Estimated 2011): $108.6 billion (US$) or (GBP)
GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)
GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States)
(Estimated 2011): $127.2 billion (US$) or (GBP)
GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $3,900 (US$) or (GBP)
Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +3:00
Wildlife:
Counties/Provinces/States: 18 governorates (muhafazat, singular – muhafazah) and 1 region*; Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah), An Najaf, Arbil (Erbil), As Sulaymaniyah, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala’, Kirkuk, Kurdistan Regional Government*, Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit
Leaders: President Jalal Talabani with Prime Minister Nouri al- Maliki.
Additional: Gained independence from British administration on the 3rd of October 1932.
Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Iraq
Iraq, located in the Middle East, has a rich and complex history that dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, often referred to as the cradle of civilization. Mesopotamia was home to some of the earliest known human civilizations, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These ancient civilizations made significant contributions to human development, including the invention of writing, the development of complex societies, and the establishment of advanced agricultural practices.
In more recent history, Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I, when it came under British control as a League of Nations mandate. In 1932, Iraq gained independence and became a kingdom under King Faisal
The country experienced periods of political instability and military coups throughout the 20th century, culminating in the rise of Saddam Hussein and the Ba’ath Party in the 1970s. Hussein’s regime was marked by authoritarian rule, human rights abuses, and conflicts with neighbouring countries, particularly Iran and Kuwait. The US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the subsequent overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s regime led to a prolonged period of instability and conflict in the country.
Politics and Government
Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic with a president as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. The country’s political system is based on a constitution that was adopted in 2005 following the US-led invasion. The constitution guarantees certain rights and freedoms to Iraqi citizens, including freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. However, Iraq’s political landscape is marked by deep-seated sectarian divisions and ethnic tensions, particularly between the majority Shia Muslims and the minority Sunni Muslims and Kurds.
The Iraqi government has struggled to establish stability and security in the country since the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime. The rise of extremist groups such as ISIS has further complicated the political situation in Iraq, leading to widespread violence and displacement of civilians. In recent years, there have been efforts to address these challenges through political reforms and national reconciliation initiatives. However, Iraq continues to face significant political and governance challenges as it seeks to rebuild and move towards a more stable and inclusive political system.
Economy and Resources
Iraq has a predominantly oil-based economy, with oil exports accounting for the majority of the country’s revenue. The country has some of the largest proven oil reserves in the world, which has made it a key player in the global energy market. However, Iraq’s economy has been heavily impacted by decades of conflict, sanctions, and political instability. The country has struggled to diversify its economy and develop other sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism.
In recent years, there have been efforts to attract foreign investment and promote economic development in Iraq. The government has implemented economic reforms aimed at improving the business environment, reducing corruption, and promoting private sector growth. However, challenges such as security concerns, infrastructure deficiencies, and bureaucratic hurdles continue to hinder economic progress in the country. Additionally, low oil prices and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have further strained Iraq’s economy, leading to increased poverty and unemployment.
Culture and Society
Iraq has a rich cultural heritage that reflects its ancient history and diverse population. The country is home to numerous archaeological sites, including the ancient city of Babylon, which was once one of the most important cultural and intellectual centres in the ancient world. Iraqi culture is influenced by a mix of Arab, Kurdish, Turkmen, Assyrian, and other ethnic traditions, each contributing to a vibrant tapestry of music, art, literature, and cuisine.
Despite its cultural richness, Iraq has faced significant challenges in recent decades due to conflict and political instability. The country has experienced widespread displacement of populations, destruction of cultural heritage sites, and restrictions on freedom of expression. However, there have been efforts to preserve and promote Iraqi culture through initiatives such as cultural festivals, heritage preservation projects, and support for artists and cultural institutions. Iraqi society continues to grapple with issues such as gender inequality, religious intolerance, and social divisions, but there are also signs of resilience and creativity as people work to rebuild their communities and preserve their cultural identity.
Education and Healthcare
Iraq has a long history of investment in education and healthcare, with a strong tradition of learning and intellectual pursuit dating back to ancient times. The country has made significant progress in expanding access to education and healthcare services in recent decades, particularly following the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime. However, Iraq’s education and healthcare systems continue to face challenges related to funding, infrastructure, quality of services, and access for marginalized populations.
The Iraqi government has prioritized investment in education and healthcare as part of its efforts to rebuild the country following years of conflict. Efforts have been made to improve school infrastructure, expand access to higher education, and enhance the quality of healthcare services. However, ongoing security concerns and budget constraints have limited progress in these areas. Additionally, Iraq’s education system faces challenges related to curriculum development, teacher training, and addressing the needs of diverse student populations. In healthcare, there are ongoing efforts to improve access to essential services, strengthen public health infrastructure, and address issues such as chronic diseases and mental health.
Security and Conflict
Iraq has faced significant security challenges in recent decades due to internal conflict, terrorism, and regional instability. The US-led invasion in 2003 led to a prolonged period of violence and insurgency in the country, culminating in the rise of extremist groups such as ISIS. The conflict with ISIS resulted in widespread displacement of populations, destruction of infrastructure, and loss of life. While ISIS has been largely defeated militarily, the group continues to pose a threat through its sleeper cells and ongoing recruitment efforts.
The Iraqi government has worked to address security concerns through military operations, counter-terrorism measures, and international cooperation. Efforts have also been made to promote national reconciliation and address grievances among different ethnic and religious groups. However, Iraq continues to face security challenges related to armed militias, political violence, and external threats from neighbouring countries. The government has sought support from international partners to strengthen its security forces, enhance border security, and address transnational security threats such as human trafficking and drug smuggling.
Future Prospects
Despite its many challenges, Iraq has significant potential for growth and development in the coming years. The country’s rich natural resources, strategic location, and young population provide opportunities for economic diversification, regional cooperation, and social progress. The Iraqi government has outlined ambitious plans for infrastructure development, job creation, and social welfare programs aimed at improving living standards for all citizens.
However, realising this potential will require sustained efforts to address ongoing challenges related to governance, security, economic reform, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. International support will also be crucial in helping Iraq navigate its path towards stability and prosperity. By investing in education, healthcare, infrastructure, and economic diversification, Iraq can build a more resilient society that is better equipped to address future challenges while harnessing its cultural heritage as a source of strength and unity.
In conclusion, Iraq’s history is marked by ancient civilisations that have contributed significantly to human development. The country’s political landscape is characterised by deep-seated sectarian divisions that have led to political instability. Iraq’s economy is heavily reliant on oil exports but faces challenges related to diversification and development in other sectors. Despite its rich cultural heritage, Iraq has faced significant challenges due to conflict and political instability. The country has made progress in expanding access to education and healthcare services but continues to face challenges related to funding and infrastructure. Iraq has faced significant security challenges due to internal conflict but has worked towards addressing these concerns through military operations and international cooperation. Despite its challenges, Iraq has significant potential for growth and development in the coming years with ambitious plans for infrastructure development aimed at improving living standards for all citizens.
FAQs
What is the capital of Iraq?
The capital of Iraq is Baghdad.
What is the population of Iraq?
As of 2021, the population of Iraq is estimated to be around 40 million people.
What is the official language of Iraq?
The official language of Iraq is Arabic.
What is the currency of Iraq?
The currency of Iraq is the Iraqi Dinar (IQD).
What is the climate like in Iraq?
Iraq has a hot, arid climate with very hot summers and mild winters. The country experiences very little rainfall.
What are the major religions in Iraq?
The major religion in Iraq is Islam, with the majority of the population being Shia Muslims. There are also small communities of Sunni Muslims, Christians, and other religious minorities.
What are the major natural resources of Iraq?
Iraq is rich in natural resources, including oil, natural gas, and minerals such as sulphur, phosphates, and gypsum.
What are some famous landmarks in Iraq?
Some famous landmarks in Iraq include the ancient city of Babylon, the Ziggurat of Ur, the Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad, and the Great Mosque of Samarra.
Climate Zones of Iraq: Different Climate Regions Of Iraq
Iraq is a country located in the Middle East, with a diverse range of climate zones that greatly influence the landscape, agriculture, and economy of the region. The country is divided into several distinct climate zones, each with its own unique characteristics and...
Political Boundaries of Iraq: Provinces, Districts, or Historical Boundaries.
Iraq, located in the Middle East, is a country with a complex and intricate political boundary system. The political boundaries of Iraq are defined by its provinces and districts, which play a crucial role in the governance and administration of the country. These...
Terrain and Topography of Iraq: mountains, valleys, and plains.
Iraq is a country located in the Middle East, with a diverse and varied terrain and topography. The landscape of Iraq is characterized by a combination of mountains, valleys, and plains, making it a unique and fascinating place to explore. The terrain of Iraq is...
History of Iraq
Mesopotamia, located in the region of modern-day Iraq, is often referred to as the cradle of civilization. It was here that some of the earliest human societies emerged, and it is considered one of the birthplaces of agriculture, writing, and complex urban societies....
Natural Resources of Iraq: Where Natural Resources are Located in Iraq
Iraq is a country rich in natural resources, with a diverse range of assets that contribute to its economic development and potential for growth. The country’s natural resources include oil and gas reserves, agricultural resources, water resources, mineral...
Cultural or Historical Sites of Iraq: Important Cultural Landmarks or Historical Sites In Iraq
The ancient city of Babylon, located in present-day Iraq, is one of the most famous cities in history. It was the capital of the ancient Babylonian empire and is known for its impressive architecture, including the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders...
Population Density of Iraq
Population density refers to the number of people living in a specific area, usually measured in square kilometres or square miles. In the case of Iraq, the population density is a significant factor that influences various aspects of the country’s social,...