Capital: Mexico City

Population (Estimated July 2012): 114,975,406

Area: 1,964,375km² or 758,450mi²

Currency: Mexican Peso (Mex$)

Official Language: Spanish

Political Information: Presidential Constitutional Republic

Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 76.5% of the population are Roman Catholic, 5.2% are Protestant, 1.1% is Jehovah’s Witness, 0.3% follow other faiths, 13.8% have unspecified beliefs and 3.1% have no religious beliefs )

Highest Mountain: Pico de Orizaba at 5,636m or 18,491ft

GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)

(Estimated 2011): $1.185 trillion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)

GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and the use of resources but is not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) 

 (Estimated 2011): $1.657 trillion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $15,100 (US$) or (GBP)

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): Between -6:00 to -8:00

Wildlife:

Counties/Provinces/States: 31 states (estados, singular – estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (Veracruz), Yucatan, Zacatecas

Leaders: President Felipe Calderón

Additional: Gained independence from Spain on the 27^th of September 1821.

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Mexico

Mexico, officially known as the United Mexican States, is a diverse nation situated in the southern portion of North America. It shares a northern border with the United States, whilst the Pacific Ocean lies to its south and west. To the southeast, Mexico borders Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea, with the Gulf of Mexico to the east.

With a population exceeding 126 million, Mexico ranks as the 11th most populous country globally and the most populous Spanish-speaking nation. Mexico City, the capital, is amongst the world’s largest urban centres. The country boasts a rich historical legacy, with roots tracing back to ancient civilisations such as the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec.

Mexican culture is characterised by a distinctive blend of indigenous traditions and Spanish colonial influences. The nation is renowned for its lively music, dance, art, and festivals, which reflect its varied heritage. Whilst Spanish is the official language, the government recognises 68 national languages, including Nahuatl, Maya, and Mixtec.

Mexico’s cultural diversity and historical significance render it a compelling destination for international visitors. The country’s unique attributes contribute to its status as a notable presence in North America and the global community.

Summary

• Mexico is a vibrant and diverse country located in North America, known for its rich history, culture, and stunning natural landscapes.
• The history and culture of Mexico is a blend of indigenous Mesoamerican traditions and Spanish colonial influence, resulting in a unique and colourful heritage.
• Mexico’s geography varies from lush rainforests to arid deserts, and its climate ranges from tropical in the south to temperate in the central highlands.
• The Mexican economy is driven by a mix of agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism, with a focus on industries such as automotive, electronics, and oil production.
• Mexico is a popular tourist destination, offering visitors a wide range of attractions including ancient ruins, beautiful beaches, and vibrant cities.

History and Culture of Mexico

The Ancient Civilisations

The first major civilisation in Mexico was the Olmec, who flourished from around 1200 BCE to 400 BCE. They were followed by the Maya and the Aztec, who built impressive cities and made significant advancements in agriculture, astronomy, and art.

The Spanish Conquest and Colonial Rule

In 1519, Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico and conquered the Aztec Empire, leading to centuries of Spanish colonial rule. This period had a profound impact on Mexican culture, as it brought together indigenous traditions with European customs. Today, Mexico’s culture is a vibrant mix of indigenous and Spanish influences.

A Cultural Melting Pot

Mexican art is known for its bold colours and intricate designs, with famous artists such as Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera making significant contributions to the global art scene. Music and dance are also integral parts of Mexican culture, with traditional styles such as mariachi, banda, and salsa captivating audiences around the world. Mexican cuisine is another important aspect of the country’s culture, with dishes such as tacos, tamales, and mole gaining international acclaim. Overall, Mexico’s history and culture are incredibly diverse and continue to be celebrated and preserved by its people.

Geography and Climate of Mexico

Mexico is a country of great geographical diversity, with landscapes ranging from lush rainforests to arid deserts. The country is divided into several distinct regions, including the Baja California Peninsula, the Yucatan Peninsula, and the Mexican Plateau. Mexico is also home to several mountain ranges, including the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental.

The highest peak in Mexico is Pico de Orizaba, which stands at an impressive 5,636 meters (18,491 feet) above sea level. In terms of climate, Mexico experiences a wide range of weather patterns due to its size and topography. The coastal areas tend to have a tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity, while the central plateau has a more temperate climate with cooler temperatures.

The northern regions of Mexico can experience extreme heat in the summer months, while the southern regions may be prone to hurricanes during the rainy season. Overall, Mexico’s geography and climate make it a diverse and dynamic country with something to offer every type of traveller.

Economy and Industry in Mexico

Mexico has one of the largest economies in Latin America and is considered an emerging market powerhouse. The country has a diverse economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Mexico is known for its production of agricultural products such as corn, beans, and avocados, as well as its export of manufactured goods such as automobiles, electronics, and textiles.

The country also has a thriving tourism industry that attracts millions of visitors each year. In recent years, Mexico has become a major player in international trade, particularly with its northern neighbour, the United States. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has played a significant role in boosting Mexico’s economy by facilitating trade between the two countries.

Additionally, Mexico has been working to attract foreign investment through economic reforms and infrastructure development. Despite these advancements, Mexico still faces challenges such as income inequality, poverty, and corruption. However, the country’s economy continues to show resilience and potential for growth in the future.

Tourism in Mexico

Mexico is a popular tourist destination known for its stunning beaches, rich history, and vibrant culture. The country offers a wide range of attractions for visitors, from ancient archaeological sites such as Chichen Itza and Teotihuacan to modern resort towns like Cancun and Puerto Vallarta. Mexico’s natural beauty is also a major draw for tourists, with destinations such as Tulum, Cabo San Lucas, and Cozumel offering opportunities for snorkelling, diving, and eco-tourism.

In addition to its natural and historical attractions, Mexico is famous for its festivals and traditions that celebrate its cultural heritage. Events such as Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) and Cinco de Mayo are widely celebrated throughout the country and offer visitors a chance to experience Mexican customs and traditions firsthand. The country’s cuisine is another major draw for tourists, with dishes such as tacos al pastor, ceviche, and churros delighting food lovers from around the world.

Overall, Mexico’s tourism industry continues to thrive due to its diverse offerings and warm hospitality.

Mexican Cuisine and Culinary Traditions

Mexican cuisine is renowned for its bold flavours, fresh ingredients, and diverse regional dishes. The country’s culinary traditions have been shaped by a mix of indigenous ingredients such as corn, beans, and chillies, as well as Spanish influences such as rice, wheat, and livestock. Some of the most iconic dishes in Mexican cuisine include tacos (soft or hard tortillas filled with various meats or vegetables), tamales (steamed corn dough filled with meat or cheese), and enchiladas (corn tortillas rolled around a filling and covered with a savoury sauce).

In addition to its savoury dishes, Mexican cuisine also boasts a wide variety of sweet treats such as churros (fried dough pastries coated in sugar), flan (caramel custard), and tres leches cake (sponge cake soaked in three types of milk). Beverages are also an important part of Mexican culinary culture, with traditional drinks such as horchata (a sweet rice milk), agua fresca (fruit-infused water), and tequila (a distilled alcoholic beverage made from the blue agave plant) being enjoyed by locals and visitors alike. Overall, Mexican cuisine is a vibrant reflection of the country’s rich history and diverse cultural influences.

Current Events and Politics in Mexico

Mexico has a complex political landscape that has been shaped by centuries of social change and economic development. The country operates under a federal presidential representative democratic republic system with three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The current president of Mexico is Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (often referred to as AMLO), who took office in December 2018 after winning a landslide victory in the presidential election.

In recent years, Mexico has faced several challenges related to corruption, crime, and immigration. The government has been working to address these issues through various reforms and initiatives aimed at improving security and promoting economic growth. Additionally, Mexico has been actively involved in international relations through its membership in organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the G20 group of major economies.

Despite these challenges, Mexico continues to be an influential player in global politics with a strong voice on issues such as climate change, human rights, and trade agreements. In conclusion, Mexico is a country with a rich history, diverse culture, stunning geography, thriving economy, vibrant tourism industry, delicious cuisine, and complex political landscape. Its unique blend of ancient traditions and modern influences make it an intriguing destination for travellers seeking adventure or relaxation.

Whether exploring ancient ruins or relaxing on pristine beaches, indulging in delicious food or engaging in lively festivals, there is something for everyone to enjoy in Mexico.

FAQs

What is the capital of Mexico?

The capital of Mexico is Mexico City.

What is the population of Mexico?

As of 2021, the population of Mexico is approximately 126 million people.

What is the official language of Mexico?

The official language of Mexico is Spanish.

What is the currency of Mexico?

The currency of Mexico is the Mexican Peso.

What are some popular tourist attractions in Mexico?

Some popular tourist attractions in Mexico include the ancient city of Teotihuacan, Chichen Itza, Tulum, the beaches of Cancun and Puerto Vallarta, and the historic centre of Mexico City.

What is the climate like in Mexico?

Mexico has a diverse climate, with tropical weather in the south and a more temperate climate in the central and northern regions. The country also experiences a rainy season from May to October.

What are some traditional Mexican dishes?

Traditional Mexican dishes include tacos, tamales, enchiladas, mole, and pozole. Mexican cuisine is known for its use of fresh ingredients such as corn, beans, and chillies.

What are some major industries in Mexico?

Some major industries in Mexico include manufacturing, agriculture, tourism, and oil production. Mexico is also a leading producer of silver and other minerals.