Capital: Havana

Population (Estimated July 2012): 11,075,244

Area: 109,886 km² or 42,427 mi²

Currency: Cuban peso (CUP)

Official Language: Spanish

Political Information: Unitary Republic, Communist State

Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 85% of the population are Roman Catholic and 15% have other religious beliefs)

Highest Mountain: Pico Turquino  at 2,005m or 6,578ft

GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power)

(Estimated 2010): $57.49 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)

GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) 

(Estimated 2010): $114.1 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2010): $9,900 (US$) or (GBP)

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -5:00  

 

Wildlife: 

 

Counties/Provinces/States: 15 provinces (provincias, singular – provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara

 

Leaders: Raúl Castro is both the president and Premier with J.R.M. Ventura as 1^st Vice President.

 

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Cuba

Cuba, located in the Caribbean Sea, is the largest island in the Caribbean and is known for its vibrant culture, stunning beaches, and rich history. The country is situated just south of the United States and east of Mexico, making it a popular tourist destination for travelers from around the world.

Cuba has a diverse geography, with mountains, plains, and beautiful coastlines. The island is home to a variety of ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, mangroves, and coral reefs. The warm climate and fertile soil make it an ideal location for agriculture, particularly the cultivation of sugar cane, tobacco, and coffee.

The history of Cuba is deeply intertwined with colonization and independence. The island was first colonized by the Spanish in the 15th century and remained under Spanish rule until the late 19th century. During this time, Cuba became a major hub for trade and commerce, particularly in sugar production. However, the harsh conditions faced by enslaved Africans brought to work on the plantations led to numerous uprisings and rebellions.

Cuban Revolution: The overthrow of Batista’s regime and the rise of Fidel Castro

The Cuban Revolution, which took place from 1953 to 1959, was a pivotal moment in Cuban history. It was led by Fidel Castro and his revolutionary movement, which sought to overthrow the corrupt regime of Fulgencio Batista.

The revolution was fueled by a number of factors, including widespread poverty and inequality, political repression, and economic dependence on the United States. The revolutionaries carried out guerrilla warfare tactics in the mountains of Cuba, gaining support from peasants and workers who were disillusioned with Batista’s regime.

Key figures in the revolution included Fidel Castro, who became the leader of Cuba after Batista fled the country; Che Guevara, an Argentine revolutionary who played a crucial role in the revolution; and Camilo Cienfuegos, a Cuban revolutionary who was known for his military leadership.

The impact of the Cuban Revolution was significant, both for Cuba and the world. Internally, the revolution led to the establishment of a socialist state in Cuba, with Fidel Castro as the leader. The government implemented a series of reforms, including nationalizing industries and redistributing land. Externally, the revolution had a major impact on the Cold War dynamics between the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States imposed an economic embargo on Cuba, which lasted for decades and had a profound effect on the Cuban economy.

Cuban Economy: A socialist system and its challenges

Cuba operates under a socialist economic system, which means that the means of production are owned and controlled by the state. The government plays a central role in planning and directing economic activity, with the goal of achieving social equality and providing basic needs for all citizens.

The Cuban economy faces a number of challenges, including limited access to foreign investment and technology due to the US embargo, inefficiencies in state-run enterprises, and a lack of diversification in industries. The country heavily relies on tourism, remittances from abroad, and exports of goods such as sugar, tobacco, and pharmaceuticals.

In recent years, Cuba has implemented a series of economic reforms aimed at opening up the economy and attracting foreign investment. These reforms include allowing small-scale private businesses to operate, encouraging foreign investment in certain sectors, and relaxing restrictions on travel and remittances. These reforms have had mixed results, with some sectors experiencing growth while others continue to struggle.

Cuban Cuisine: A fusion of African, Spanish and Caribbean influences

Cuban cuisine is a delicious fusion of African, Spanish, and Caribbean influences. The cuisine is known for its bold flavors, use of fresh ingredients, and unique cooking techniques.

Some popular dishes in Cuban cuisine include ropa vieja, which is shredded beef cooked in a tomato-based sauce; arroz con pollo, a flavorful chicken and rice dish; and lechon asado, a roasted pork dish. These dishes often incorporate ingredients such as rice, beans, plantains, and yuca.

The cuisine of Cuba is heavily influenced by the African slaves who were brought to the island during the colonial period. African cooking techniques and ingredients such as plantains, yams, and okra have become integral parts of Cuban cuisine. Spanish influences can be seen in dishes such as paella and flan, while Caribbean influences are evident in the use of tropical fruits and spices.

Cuban culinary traditions and customs are also an important part of the culture. Meals are often enjoyed with family and friends, and there is a strong emphasis on hospitality and sharing food. Cuban coffee is also a beloved tradition, with strong espresso served in small cups.

Cuban Music: The birthplace of salsa, son and other popular rhythms

Cuba is often referred to as the birthplace of many popular music genres, including salsa, son, and rumba. The country has a rich musical heritage that is deeply rooted in African rhythms, Spanish melodies, and Caribbean influences.

Cuban music history dates back to the colonial period when African slaves brought their musical traditions to the island. These traditions blended with Spanish melodies and instruments to create unique styles of music. One of the most influential genres to emerge from this fusion was son, which combines African percussion with Spanish guitar and vocals.

In the 20th century, Cuban music gained international recognition with the rise of salsa. Salsa is a vibrant and energetic genre that incorporates elements of son, jazz, and other Latin American rhythms. Artists such as Celia Cruz and Tito Puente helped popularize salsa around the world.

Cuban music continues to have a significant influence on the global music scene. Artists such as Buena Vista Social Club and Ibrahim Ferrer have brought traditional Cuban music to a wider audience, while contemporary artists like Gente de Zona and Descemer Bueno have incorporated elements of reggaeton and hip-hop into their music.

Cuban Sports: Passion for baseball and boxing

Sports play a significant role in Cuban culture, with baseball and boxing being the most popular sports in the country. Cuba has a long history of success in both sports, with many Cuban athletes achieving international acclaim.

Baseball is often referred to as the national sport of Cuba and has a passionate following. The country has produced many talented baseball players who have gone on to play in Major League Baseball in the United States. The Cuban national baseball team has also been highly successful, winning multiple Olympic gold medals and World Baseball Classic titles.

Boxing is another sport that is deeply ingrained in Cuban culture. The country has a rich boxing tradition and has produced numerous world champions. Cuban boxers are known for their technical skills, agility, and speed. The Cuban national boxing team has consistently performed well in international competitions, winning multiple Olympic gold medals.

Sports in Cuba are heavily supported by the government, which provides funding and resources for training facilities and coaching programs. The success of Cuban athletes in international competitions has helped to boost national pride and promote a positive image of the country on the global stage.

Cuban Art: A vibrant scene of painters, sculptors and writers

Cuba has a vibrant art scene that encompasses a wide range of mediums, including painting, sculpture, literature, and performance art. The country’s art history is deeply influenced by its political and social context, with artists often using their work to express their views on issues such as revolution, identity, and social justice.

Cuban art history dates back to the colonial period, with early artists drawing inspiration from European styles such as Baroque and Neoclassicism. In the 20th century, Cuban art underwent a period of experimentation and innovation, with artists embracing modernist and avant-garde movements.

Famous Cuban artists include Wifredo Lam, who is known for his fusion of African and European artistic traditions; Amelia Peláez, who is known for her vibrant and colourful paintings; and José Bedia, who incorporates Afro-Cuban religious and cultural symbols into his work.

The political and social climate in Cuba has had a significant impact on the art scene. During the revolution, the government promoted a socialist realist style of art that depicted the ideals of the revolution. However, in recent years, there has been a greater degree of artistic freedom, with artists exploring a wide range of styles and themes.

Cuban Cigars: The world’s best tobacco and cigar production

Cuba is renowned for its production of high-quality cigars, which are considered some of the best in the world. The country’s unique climate and soil conditions make it an ideal location for growing tobacco, and the art of cigar making has been passed down through generations.

The history of Cuban cigar production dates back to the 16th century when tobacco was first introduced to the island by the Spanish. The industry flourished in the 19th century, with Cuba becoming one of the largest exporters of cigars in the world.

Cuban cigars are known for their rich flavour, complex aromas, and expert craftsmanship. They are made using traditional methods, with each cigar being carefully hand-rolled by skilled artisans. The tobacco used in Cuban cigars is grown in the Vuelta Abajo region, which is known for its fertile soil and ideal climate.

The US embargo on Cuba has had a significant impact on the Cuban cigar industry. While Cuban cigars are highly sought after by enthusiasts around the world, they are illegal to import into the United States. This has created a thriving black market for Cuban cigars in the US, with many people willing to pay a premium for the authentic product.

Cuban Tourism: A growing industry with stunning beaches and landmarks

Tourism is a growing industry in Cuba, with the country attracting millions of visitors each year. Cuba is known for its stunning beaches, vibrant culture, and historic landmarks, making it a popular destination for travellers from around the world.

Some of the most popular tourist destinations in Cuba include Havana, the capital city known for its colonial architecture and vibrant nightlife; Varadero, a beach resort town with pristine white sand beaches; and Trinidad, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its well-preserved Spanish colonial architecture.

Cuba also offers a range of outdoor activities for visitors to enjoy, including snorkelling and diving in the crystal-clear waters of the Caribbean Sea, hiking in the lush mountains of the Sierra Maestra, and exploring the unique ecosystems of the Zapata Peninsula.

While tourism has brought economic benefits to Cuba, it also presents challenges. The country’s infrastructure is often unable to keep up with the demands of increasing numbers of tourists, leading to issues such as overcrowding and strain on resources. Additionally, there are concerns about the impact of tourism on Cuba’s cultural heritage and environment.

Despite these challenges, Cuba continues to attract visitors with its unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. The recent changes in diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States have also opened up new opportunities for growth in the tourism industry.

Cuban-US Relations: A complex history of tension and recent diplomatic changes

The relationship between Cuba and the United States has been complex and fraught with tension for many years. The two countries have a long history of political and economic conflicts, which have had a profound impact on both nations.

The tensions between Cuba and the United States can be traced back to the Cuban Revolution and the subsequent establishment of a socialist state in Cuba. The United States viewed the revolution as a threat to its interests in the region and imposed an economic embargo on Cuba, which has lasted for over five decades.

The embargo has had a significant impact on the Cuban economy, limiting trade and investment opportunities and contributing to economic hardships for the Cuban people. It has also affected the daily lives of Cubans, with restrictions on travel and remittances from family members living in the United States.

In recent years, there have been significant changes in diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States. In 2014, President Barack Obama announced a historic shift in US policy towards Cuba, including the restoration of diplomatic relations and the easing of travel and trade restrictions.

These changes have had a positive impact on Cuba, with an increase in tourism and foreign investment. However, there are still many challenges to overcome in order to fully normalize relations between the two countries, including the lifting of the US embargo and addressing human rights concerns.

Overall, Cuba is a fascinating country with a rich history, vibrant culture, and stunning natural beauty. From its colonial architecture to its world-renowned cigars and music, Cuba offers a unique experience for travelers. As the country continues to navigate its way through economic and political challenges, it remains an intriguing destination that captures the imagination of visitors from around the world.

FAQs

 

What is Cuba?

Cuba is an island country located in the Caribbean Sea. It is the largest island in the Caribbean and has a population of over 11 million people.

What is the capital of Cuba?

The capital of Cuba is Havana, which is also the largest city in the country.

What is the official language of Cuba?

The official language of Cuba is Spanish.

What is the currency of Cuba?

The currency of Cuba is the Cuban peso (CUP) and the Cuban convertible peso (CUC).

What is the climate like in Cuba?

The climate in Cuba is tropical, with warm temperatures throughout the year. The rainy season is from May to October, and the dry season is from November to April.

What is the political system of Cuba?

Cuba is a socialist state with a one-party system. The Communist Party of Cuba is the only legal political party in the country.

What is the literacy rate in Cuba?

The literacy rate in Cuba is over 99%, which is one of the highest in the world.

What are some popular tourist attractions in Cuba?

Some popular tourist attractions in Cuba include Havana, Varadero Beach, Trinidad, and the Viñales Valley.

What is the healthcare system like in Cuba?

Cuba has a universal healthcare system that is free for all citizens. The country has a high number of doctors per capita and is known for its medical research.