Iceland
(Lýdhveldidh Ísland (Republic of Iceland))
Capital: Reykjavik
Population (Estimated July 2012): 313,183
Area: 103,000 km2 or 39,769 mi2
Currency: Icelandic Króna (ISK)
Official Language: Icelandic
Political Information: Parliamentary Republic
Official Religion: Evangelical Lutheran
(approximately 80.7% of the population are Lutheran, 2.5% are Roman Catholic, 2.4% follow the Reykjavik Free Church, 1.6% follow the Hafnarfjorour Free Church and 14.4% have other or unspecified religious beliefs)
Highest Mountain: Öræfajökull at 2,109.6m or 6,921ft
GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)
(Estimated 2011): $14.1 billion (US$) or (GBP)
GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)
GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and the use of resources but is not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States)
(Estimated 2011): $12.33 billion (US$) or (GBP)
GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $38,000 (US$) or (GBP)
Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT
Wildlife:
Counties/Provinces/States: 8 regions; Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir and Vesturland.
Leaders: President Ólafur Ragnar Grimsson with Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurõttir.
Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Iceland
Iceland, located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is a Nordic island country known for its stunning natural landscapes, including geysers, hot springs, waterfalls, and volcanoes. The country is situated at the juncture of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, which has resulted in a unique geological landscape. The capital city, Reykjavik, is the northernmost capital of a sovereign state in the world. The climate in Iceland is characterized by cool summers and cold winters, with strong winds and frequent changes in weather. The country experiences long daylight hours in the summer due to its high latitude, while in the winter, it has very short daylight hours. The diverse geography and climate of Iceland make it a fascinating destination for travellers seeking adventure and natural beauty.
Iceland’s location near the Arctic Circle means that it experiences a subarctic climate, with temperatures ranging from an average of 13°C (55°F) in the summer to -1°C (30°F) in the winter. The weather can be unpredictable, with sudden changes and strong winds, so visitors should be prepared for all types of conditions. The country is also known for its geothermal activity, with hot springs and geysers scattered throughout the landscape. This unique geological feature has led to the development of geothermal power plants, which provide a significant portion of Iceland’s energy needs. Overall, Iceland’s geography and climate make it a truly distinctive destination for travellers looking to experience the wonders of nature in a remote and beautiful setting.
Iceland’s Unique Culture and Traditions
Iceland has a rich cultural heritage that is shaped by its history, geography, and isolation from mainland Europe. The country’s population is relatively small, with just over 300,000 people, and this has contributed to a strong sense of community and tradition. Icelandic culture is deeply rooted in storytelling, with a strong literary tradition that dates back to the medieval sagas. The Icelandic language has changed very little over the centuries, allowing modern Icelanders to read and understand these ancient texts. In addition to literature, music and art are also important aspects of Icelandic culture, with many artists drawing inspiration from the country’s natural beauty and unique landscapes.
One of the most well-known traditions in Iceland is the annual Þorrablót festival, which celebrates traditional Icelandic food and drink. During this festival, locals gather to enjoy traditional dishes such as hákarl (fermented shark) and svið (boiled sheep’s head), as well as Brennivín, a strong Icelandic schnapps. Another important cultural tradition is the Icelandic national costume, known as the Þjóðbúningur, which is worn during special occasions and celebrations. This traditional dress is based on historical clothing styles and is a symbol of national pride and identity. Overall, Iceland’s unique culture and traditions are an integral part of what makes the country such a fascinating and distinctive destination for travellers.
Exploring Iceland’s Natural Wonders
Iceland is renowned for its breathtaking natural wonders, from majestic waterfalls to stunning glaciers and volcanic landscapes. One of the most iconic natural attractions in Iceland is the Golden Circle, a popular tourist route that includes three primary stops: Þingvellir National Park, Geysir Geothermal Area, and Gullfoss Waterfall. Þingvellir National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its historical significance as the original site of Iceland’s parliament and its unique geological features. The Geysir Geothermal Area is home to the famous Strokkur geyser, which erupts every few minutes, shooting hot water high into the air. Gullfoss Waterfall is another highlight of the Golden Circle, with its powerful cascades plunging into a deep canyon.
Another must-see natural wonder in Iceland is the Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon, located in the southeast of the country. This stunning glacial lake is filled with icebergs that have broken off from the nearby Breiðamerkurjökull glacier, creating a mesmerising and ever-changing landscape. Visitors can take boat tours to get up close to the icebergs and witness the beauty of this unique natural phenomenon. Additionally, Iceland is home to numerous other natural attractions, including the famous Blue Lagoon geothermal spa, the dramatic black sand beaches of Reynisfjara, and the otherworldly landscapes of Landmannalaugar. With its diverse range of natural wonders, Iceland offers an unparalleled opportunity for travellers to explore some of the most awe-inspiring landscapes on Earth.
Icelandic Cuisine and Local Delicacies
Icelandic cuisine is influenced by the country’s unique geography and climate, with an emphasis on fresh seafood, lamb, and dairy products. One of the most famous traditional dishes in Iceland is hákarl, or fermented shark meat, which has a strong ammonia smell and a pungent taste. While hákarl may not be to everyone’s taste, it is an important part of Icelandic culinary heritage and is often served during special occasions and festivals. Another traditional Icelandic delicacy is svið, or boiled sheep’s head, which is considered a delicacy by some locals. For those with less adventurous palates, Icelandic cuisine also includes delicious seafood dishes such as grilled salmon, smoked trout, and langoustine soup.
In addition to traditional dishes, Iceland is known for its high-quality dairy products, including skyr, a type of cultured dairy product similar to yogurt but with a milder flavour and thicker texture. Skyr has been a staple of Icelandic cuisine for centuries and is often enjoyed with fresh berries or honey as a healthy and delicious snack. Another popular dairy product in Iceland is rjómaostur, or cream cheese, which is often used as a spread on bread or crackers. Overall, Icelandic cuisine offers a unique blend of traditional dishes and local delicacies that reflect the country’s cultural heritage and natural resources.
The History and Heritage of Iceland
Iceland has a rich history that dates back over 1,000 years to the time of the Vikings. The country was settled by Norse explorers in the 9th century, who established one of the world’s first democratic parliaments at Þingvellir in 930 AD. This early form of governance laid the foundation for Iceland’s modern political system and is considered a significant milestone in the history of democracy. The medieval Icelandic sagas are also an important part of the country’s cultural heritage, providing valuable insights into Viking society and traditions. These epic tales have been passed down through generations and continue to be celebrated as an integral part of Icelandic identity.
In addition to its Viking heritage, Iceland has also experienced periods of foreign rule and influence, including domination by Norway and later Denmark. The country gained independence from Denmark in 1944 and has since developed into a modern and prosperous nation with a strong emphasis on education, healthcare, and social welfare. Today, Icelanders take great pride in their history and heritage, with many cultural institutions dedicated to preserving and promoting the country’s unique traditions. From ancient Viking settlements to modern-day achievements in literature and the arts, Iceland’s history and heritage are an essential part of what makes the country such a fascinating destination for travellers.
Activities and Adventures in Iceland
Iceland offers a wide range of activities and adventures for travellers seeking outdoor experiences in a stunning natural setting. One of the most popular activities in Iceland is hiking, with numerous trails that lead through diverse landscapes such as volcanic fields, glaciers, and lush valleys. The Laugavegur Trail is one of the most famous hiking routes in Iceland, offering hikers the chance to explore some of the country’s most spectacular scenery over several days. For those seeking more adrenaline-fuelled adventures, Iceland also offers opportunities for glacier hiking, ice climbing, and even snowmobiling on top of glaciers.
Another popular activity in Iceland is whale watching, with several coastal towns offering boat tours that provide the chance to see these magnificent creatures up close in their natural habitat. The waters around Iceland are home to various species of whales, including humpback whales, minke whales, and orcas. Additionally, visitors can also enjoy birdwatching in Iceland, with opportunities to see puffins, arctic terns, and other seabirds nesting along the coastline during the summer months. For those interested in exploring beneath the surface, diving or snorkelling in Silfra Fissure offers a truly unique experience to swim between two tectonic plates in crystal-clear glacial water.
Practical Tips for Visiting Iceland
Travelling to Iceland requires some preparation due to its unique climate and remote location. It’s important to pack appropriate clothing for all types of weather conditions, including waterproof outerwear, warm layers, sturdy hiking boots, and swimwear for visiting geothermal pools or hot springs. Additionally, it’s advisable to rent a four-wheel-drive vehicle if you plan on exploring more remote areas or driving on gravel roads.
When it comes to accommodation in Iceland, there are various options available including hotels, guesthouses, hostels or camping sites for those who prefer outdoor adventures. It’s recommended to book accommodation well in advance especially during peak tourist seasons as availability can be limited.
Finally, it’s important to be mindful of environmental conservation when visiting Iceland’s natural wonders. Visitors should stay on marked trails when hiking to avoid damaging fragile ecosystems and respect wildlife by observing from a distance without disturbing their natural behaviour.
In conclusion, Iceland offers an unparalleled opportunity for travellers to experience some of the most breathtaking natural landscapes on Earth while immersing themselves in a rich cultural heritage that dates back over 1,000 years. From its unique geological features to its traditional cuisine and vibrant arts scene, Iceland has something to offer every type of traveller seeking adventure and exploration in a truly extraordinary setting. With careful planning and an open mind towards new experiences, visiting Iceland can be an unforgettable journey that leaves a lasting impression on all who have the privilege to explore this remarkable country.
FAQs
What is the population of Iceland?
The population of Iceland is approximately 366,000 people.
What is the capital city of Iceland?
The capital city of Iceland is Reykjavik.
What is the currency used in Iceland?
The currency used in Iceland is the Icelandic króna (ISK).
What are the major industries in Iceland?
The major industries in Iceland include fishing, tourism, renewable energy, and aluminum smelting.
What are some popular tourist attractions in Iceland?
Popular tourist attractions in Iceland include the Blue Lagoon, Gullfoss waterfall, Geysir geothermal area, and the Northern Lights.
What is the climate like in Iceland?
Iceland has a cold temperate maritime climate, with mild summers and cold winters. The weather can be quite unpredictable due to its location in the North Atlantic.
What are some traditional Icelandic dishes?
Traditional Icelandic dishes include fermented shark (hákarl), lamb soup (kjötsúpa), and skyr (a type of yogurt).
What are the main languages spoken in Iceland?
The main language spoken in Iceland is Icelandic. English is also widely spoken and understood, especially in tourist areas.
Cultural or Historical Sites of Iceland: Important Cultural Landmarks or Historical Sites In Iceland
Cultural or Historical Sites of Iceland: Important Cultural Landmarks or Historical Sites In Iceland Cultural and historical sites in Iceland hold immense importance in preserving the rich heritage and traditions of the country. These sites serve as a window into the past, allowing visitors to gain a deeper understanding of Iceland’s history, culture, and way of life. They also play a crucial role in promoting tourism and attracting visitors from all over the world, contributing to the country’s economy. Furthermore, these sites are a source of national pride and identity, serving as a reminder of Iceland’s unique and diverse cultural heritage.The preservation of cultural and historical sites in Iceland is essential for maintaining a connection to the past and passing on traditions to future generations. These sites provide a tangible link to the country’s history, allowing visitors to experience the customs, beliefs, and practices of earlier generations. They also serve as educational resources, offering valuable insights into the social, political, and economic aspects of Icelandic society. Additionally, cultural and historical sites contribute to the overall cultural landscape of Iceland, enriching the country’s cultural tapestry and fostering a sense of belonging and pride among its people. Summary Cultural and historical sites in Iceland are important for preserving the country’s heritage and attracting tourists. The ancient settlement of Þingvellir is a UNESCO World Heritage site and holds great historical significance for Iceland. Gullfoss is a magnificent waterfall that showcases the natural beauty of Iceland and is a popular tourist attraction. Reykjavik’s historic architecture reflects the city’s rich history and is a must-see for visitors. The mysterious stone structures of Hvalsey Church...
Natural Resources of Iceland: Where Natural Resources are Located in Iceland
Natural Resources of Iceland: Where Natural Resources are Located in Iceland Geothermal energy is a renewable source of power that harnesses the heat from the Earth’s core to generate electricity. This form of energy is considered to be sustainable and environmentally friendly, as it produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions. Geothermal power plants use the natural heat from the Earth to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. This process is highly efficient and reliable, providing a constant source of energy without being dependent on weather conditions or sunlight.Furthermore, geothermal energy has the potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon emissions, making it a crucial component in the transition towards a more sustainable energy future. The utilization of geothermal energy also has the added benefit of creating local job opportunities and stimulating economic growth in regions with geothermal resources. In addition, geothermal power plants have a small physical footprint and can be integrated into existing infrastructure, making them a viable option for meeting the increasing global energy demand. Overall, geothermal energy represents a promising solution for addressing the challenges of climate change and ensuring a secure and sustainable energy supply for future generations.Geothermal energy is a valuable resource that has the potential to play a significant role in meeting the world’s energy needs in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. By tapping into the Earth’s natural heat, geothermal power plants can generate electricity without relying on finite fossil fuels or contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. This makes geothermal energy an attractive option for countries looking to reduce their carbon footprint and transition towards cleaner energy sources....
Political Boundaries of Iceland: Provinces, Districts, or Historical Boundaries.
Political Boundaries of Iceland: Provinces, Districts, or Historical Boundaries. Iceland, a Nordic island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is known for its stunning natural landscapes, including geysers, hot springs, waterfalls, and volcanoes. The country is also renowned for its unique political boundaries, which have evolved over centuries. Iceland’s political boundaries are defined by its provinces and districts, which play a crucial role in the governance and administration of the country. Understanding the political boundaries of Iceland is essential for comprehending the country’s history, culture, and governance. Summary Iceland’s political boundaries are defined by its geographical location in the North Atlantic Ocean and its historical ties to Denmark. The country is divided into 8 provinces, each with its own unique characteristics and cultural identity. Within these provinces, there are 23 districts, each with its own local government and administrative functions. Iceland’s historical boundaries have been shaped by various factors, including Viking settlements, medieval kingdoms, and colonial rule. The evolution of Iceland’s political boundaries has been influenced by independence movements, international treaties, and changes in governance structures. Provinces of Iceland Iceland is divided into eight geographical regions known as provinces. These provinces are Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir, and Vesturland. Each province has its own unique characteristics and cultural heritage, contributing to the diversity of the country. The provinces are further divided into districts, which are responsible for local administration and governance. The provinces of Iceland play a significant role in the distribution of resources, infrastructure development, and regional planning. They also serve as important administrative units for the implementation of government policies and programs.The...
Climate Zones of Iceland: Different climate regions Of Iceland
Climate Zones of Iceland: Different climate regions Of Iceland Iceland is a country known for its diverse and unique climate zones. The island’s location near the Arctic Circle and its proximity to the Gulf Stream create a variety of weather patterns and temperature ranges. There are six main climate zones in Iceland, each with its own distinct characteristics and landscapes. These climate zones include the coastal, highland, arctic, subarctic, continental, and microclimates. Understanding the different climate zones in Iceland is essential for anyone planning to visit or explore the country, as it can greatly impact travel plans and outdoor activities. Summary Iceland has diverse climate zones, each with its own unique characteristics and weather patterns. The Coastal Climate Zone experiences milder temperatures and more precipitation due to its proximity to the ocean. The Highland Climate Zone is characterized by cooler temperatures and less precipitation, making it a harsh environment for vegetation. The Arctic Climate Zone has extremely cold temperatures and is covered in ice and snow for most of the year. The Subarctic Climate Zone has cool summers and cold winters, with more precipitation than the Arctic Zone but less than the Coastal Zone. The Coastal Climate Zone The coastal climate zone in Iceland is characterized by mild temperatures and relatively high levels of precipitation. This climate zone is influenced by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream, which helps to moderate temperatures along the coast. The coastal areas of Iceland are home to lush green landscapes, abundant vegetation, and diverse wildlife. The mild climate also makes the coastal regions popular for outdoor activities such as hiking, birdwatching, and...
Terrain and Topography of Iceland: mountains, valleys, and plains.
Terrain and Topography of Iceland: mountains, valleys, and plains. Iceland is a land of diverse and stunning landscapes, with a terrain that is shaped by volcanic activity, glaciers, and tectonic plate movements. The country is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates meet, making it a hotspot for geological activity. This unique positioning has resulted in a rugged and varied topography, with mountains, valleys, plains, and geothermal features dotting the landscape. The terrain of Iceland is a testament to the powerful forces of nature that have shaped the island over millions of years, creating a land of unparalleled beauty and wonder.The topography of Iceland is characterized by its dramatic contrasts, with towering mountains, deep valleys, and vast plains all coexisting within a relatively small area. The country’s landscape is dominated by volcanic peaks, many of which are covered in snow and ice year-round. Glaciers carve their way through the mountains, leaving behind deep valleys and fjords that add to the country’s natural beauty. The plains of Iceland are also a sight to behold, with vast expanses of moss-covered lava fields and fertile farmland stretching out towards the horizon. The diverse terrain of Iceland is a testament to the country’s geological history and its ongoing transformation by natural forces. Summary Iceland’s terrain is characterized by a diverse range of landscapes including mountains, valleys, and plains. The majestic mountains of Iceland offer breathtaking views and are a popular destination for hikers and nature enthusiasts. The enchanting valleys of Iceland are home to lush greenery, rivers, and waterfalls, creating a picturesque and serene atmosphere. The vast...
History of Iceland
History of Iceland Iceland, the land of fire and ice, has a rich and fascinating history that dates back to the early settlement period. The first inhabitants of Iceland were Irish monks who arrived in the 8th century, but it was the Norse Vikings who established the first permanent settlement in the late 9th century. Led by the legendary explorer, Ingólfur Arnarson, the Vikings set foot on the shores of Iceland and began to build their new home.The Viking Age in Iceland was a time of great exploration and expansion. The settlers established farms and communities, and they relied on fishing, farming, and trade for their livelihood. The harsh and unforgiving landscape of Iceland presented many challenges, but the Vikings were resourceful and resilient, and they managed to thrive in this new environment. The early settlers also brought with them their rich cultural heritage, including their language, literature, and religious beliefs, which would have a lasting impact on the development of Icelandic society. Summary Early settlement in Iceland was primarily by Norse and Celtic people, with the Viking Age playing a significant role in shaping the island’s culture and society. The establishment of the Althing in 930 AD marked the beginning of Iceland’s parliamentary system and is considered one of the oldest in the world. The Christianization of Iceland in the 11th century brought about significant changes in religious and cultural practices, leading to the decline of pagan beliefs. The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Free State, was a period of independence and self-governance from 930 to 1262, characterized by a decentralized political system. The union with Norway...
Population Density of Iceland
Population Density of Iceland Iceland is a Nordic island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean. With a land area of 103,000 square kilometres, it is the most sparsely populated country in Europe, with a population density of only 3.5 people per square kilometre. The majority of Iceland’s population is concentrated in the capital city of Reykjavik and its surrounding areas, leaving vast expanses of uninhabited land. This low population density has both positive and negative implications for the country, impacting its infrastructure, services, and overall development. Summary Iceland has one of the lowest population densities in the world, with only 3 people per square kilometre. Factors contributing to Iceland’s low population density include harsh climate, limited arable land, and geographical isolation. The low population density in Iceland poses challenges for infrastructure and service provision, particularly in remote areas. Despite challenges, low population density in Iceland also presents opportunities for sustainable development and preservation of natural resources. Iceland’s population density is significantly lower than other European countries, such as the United Kingdom and Germany. Factors Contributing to Iceland’s Low Population Density Several factors contribute to Iceland’s low population density. The country’s harsh and unforgiving climate, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers, makes it difficult for people to settle in many parts of the country. Additionally, the rugged and mountainous terrain of Iceland presents challenges for infrastructure development and agricultural activities, limiting the potential for human habitation in certain areas. Furthermore, the historical isolation of Iceland from the rest of Europe has also played a role in shaping its population density, as the country has not experienced the...
Discovering the Wonders of Iceland: A Journey Through the Land of Fire and Ice
Iceland, known as the “Land of Fire and Ice,” is a Nordic island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean. Despite its name, Iceland is not covered in ice, but rather boasts a diverse landscape of volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, glaciers, and waterfalls. With a population of just over 350,000 people, Iceland is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. Iceland has a rich history dating back to the settlement by Norse explorers in the 9th century. The country was ruled by Norway and later Denmark before gaining independence in 1944. Today, Iceland is known for its progressive society, renewable energy sources, and stunning natural beauty. Iceland has become an increasingly popular travel destination in recent years, attracting visitors from all over the world. The country’s unique geological features, such as geysers and glaciers, make it a haven for nature lovers and adventure seekers. Additionally, Iceland’s capital city Reykjavik offers a vibrant cultural scene with its museums, art galleries, and lively nightlife. Whether you’re looking to explore the great outdoors or immerse yourself in Icelandic culture, there is something for everyone in this captivating country. Summary Iceland is a land of contrasts, with natural wonders like geysers and glaciers alongside modern cities like Reykjavik. Witnessing the Northern Lights in Iceland is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that shouldn’t be missed. The Icelandic horse is a unique breed that’s worth discovering, and the Blue Lagoon is a must-visit geothermal spa. The Golden Circle tour takes visitors to some of Iceland’s most famous attractions, while local cuisine offers a chance to try new delicacies. Adventurous travellers can enjoy hiking, glacier...
