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TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1928-05-07  On this day in 1928, women in the United Kingdom were finally given the right to vote at the age of 21 (the same as men). The battle for women to vote in the UK had continued since the end of the 19th century with the Suffragette movement. They suffered severe hardship in their struggle with the forced feeding of hunger strikers and acts of immense bravery. On the 4th of June 1913, suffragette Emily Davison ran in front of King George V’s horse at the Epsom Derby and was instantly killed. Her protest was, at the time, dismissed as the act of a person with mental illness rather than the act of a desperate protester seeking equality. Many of the campaigners didn’t survive to witness the day when the “Equal Franchise Act” was signed giving women the same voting rights as men and allowing them to vote at the age of 21. 1928-07-07In 1928 Sliced Bread first went on sale.   Otto Frederick Rohwedder was an American inventor who made the first loaf slicing machine in 1928 with production and sale of the first pre-sliced loaf going on sale on his 48th birthday, the 7th of July 1928 in Missouri, United States. The advertisement for the sliced loaf at the Chillicothe Baking Company was "the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped". This led to the saying “the best thing since sliced bread”.               TIMELINE...

TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1925-07-18In 1925 the first volume of Hitler’s manifesto, Mein Kampf was published. When the German government resumed paying reparations to France and Great Britain for World War I many people in Germany were angered. This played into the hands of the Nazi party and its leader, Adolf Hitler. As support for the Nazi party grew Hitler saw an opportunity to begin an uprising against the German government. On the 3rd of November, Hitler and 2,000 Nazi members marched through Munich and into Munich Beer Hall. Hitler took over the meeting that was being held there by important Bavarian politicians and made claims that he would overthrow the German Government and with their help place them at the heart of government. On the 4th of November Hitler again began to march through Munich but they were met by armed police and the uprising was quashed. Hitler was arrested for the Act that would later be called ‘the Beer Hall Putsch’ and sentenced to 5 years which began on the 1st of April 1924 in Landsberg Jail. Hitler considered himself to be a political prisoner and while in prison, Hitler began to dictate his autobiographical book ‘Mein Kampf’ (or my struggle). He originally wanted to name the book “Viereinhalb Jahre (des Kampfes) gegen Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit” (or Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice) but Hitler’s publisher, Max Amann later suggested the shorter version. Hitler dictated his story to fellow prisoner and Nazi party leader, Rudolf Hess. Hess had been a supporter of Hitler’s for many years and it was his involvement in the Beer Hall Putsch incident that put him in...

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TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1926-01-26In 1926 John Logie Baird, the Scottish engineer, first demonstrated the television to 50 scientists in an attic in London, England.  In 1925, Baird demonstrated the first working television system, using a mechanical method to transmit grayscale images. In 1926, he showcased the first public demonstration of television, marking a major milestone in the technology’s evolution. Baird also pioneered early experiments with colour television and stereoscopic (3D) television. A year later in 1927 American inventor Philo Farnsworth (from where the professor on Futurama got their name) made advancements in transmitting images, which he first demonstrated in 1927, but some erroneously accredit him with the invention of the television.               TIMELINE...

TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1924-01-21In 1924 Vladimir Lenin died of a brain haemorrhage at the age of 54 Lenin was the first leader of the Soviet Union and the founder of the communist revolution in Russia. Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known as Lenin, was a revolutionary leader, political theorist, and the founder of the Soviet Union. Lenin was born on April 22, 1870, in Simbirsk (later renamed Ulyanovsk in his honour), a provincial town in the Russian Empire. Lenin came from an educated middle-class family. His father was a school inspector, and his mother was a cultured woman with noble ancestry. The execution of his older brother, Alexander Ulyanov, in 1887 for participating in a plot to assassinate Tsar Alexander III profoundly influenced Lenin, solidifying his opposition to autocratic rule. Lenin studied law at Kazan University but was expelled for participating in student protests. He continued his education independently, becoming well-versed in Marxist theory and revolutionary ideas. In the early 1890s, Lenin moved to St. Petersburg, where he joined revolutionary circles and began organizing workers. In 1895, Lenin was arrested for revolutionary activities and exiled to Siberia. During this time, he married Nadezhda Krupskaya, a fellow revolutionary. After his Siberian exile ended, Lenin spent years in Switzerland, Germany, and other European countries, writing extensively on Marxist theory and building connections with socialist movements. Lenin published What Is to Be Done? in 1902, advocating for a disciplined, vanguard party to lead the revolution. In 1903, Lenin played a central role in splitting the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party into two factions: the Bolsheviks, which he led, and the Mensheviks. In early 1917, the...

TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1923-11-08In 1923 Hitler led some 2,000 NAZI supporters on ‘the Beer Hall Putsch’. When the German government resumed paying reparations to France and Great Britain for World War I many people in Germany were angered. This played into the hands of the Nazi party and its leader, Adolf Hitler. As support for the Nazi party grew Hitler saw an opportunity to begin an uprising against the German government. On the 8th of November, Hitler and 2,000 Nazi members marched through Munich and into Munich Beer Hall. Hitler took over the meeting that was being held there by important Bavarian politicians and made claims that he would overthrow the German Government and with their help place them at the heart of government. On the 9th of November Hitler again began to march through Munich but they were met by armed police and the uprising was quashed. Hitler was arrested for the Act that would later be called ‘the Beer Hall Putsch’ and sentenced to 5 years which began on the 1st of April 1924 in Landsberg Jail.               TIMELINE...

TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1922-01-23In 1922 Insulin was first used to treat diabetes. Fourteen-year-old Leonard Thompson was the first human to be treated with insulin in Toronto, Canada. Previously the only treatment was a diet low in carbohydrates and sugars but high in fat and protein gaining patients up to a year after diagnosis. But in 1921 at the University of Toronto, Canadian scientists Charles Best and Frederick Banting successfully performed tests on canine subjects proving that insulin was the key. The discovery saved millions of lives, earning Frederick Banting and J.J.R. MacLeod (as scientist who assisted in human trials) the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1923.1922-07-24   In 1922 the League of Nations passed the Draft for the British Mandate of Palestine which would take effect on the 24th of September 1923.   In the 6th century the Babylonian King, Nebuchadnezzar, began conquering the Kingdom of Judah (now part of what was Palestine and now Israel). The Jewish people left the Judah and the Land of Israel and began living in as immigrants in foreign lands also known as “Jewish diaspora” in Yiddish. The Jewish immigrants were often persecuted by various countries throughout their history. Palestine had been conquered in 643 AD by the Islamic Empire but the majority of the population remained Christian for centuries, throughout the crusades, until Saladin’s conquest of the land in 1187.   In the 19th Century a great number of Jews and some people of other faiths began to support the idea of the Jewish people returning home to the Holy Land, an act known as Aliyah, and the creation of a Jewish homeland once...

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TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1920-01-10In 1920 the Versailles Treaty came into effect on this day. The Versailles Treaty was signed on the 28th of June 1919 coming into effect on the 10th of January the following year. This treaty officially ended the First World War and put many restrictions on Germany. Germany was required to accept full responsibility for the war under Article 231, the infamous War Guilt Clause. This clause justified the imposition of reparations, initially set at 132 billion gold marks (approximately $269 billion today), a sum that crippled Germany’s post-war economy. The treaty also created the League of Nations, an international organization aimed at preventing future conflicts. However many claim that it was the Treaty of Versailles that led to World War II as the harsh conditions imposed on Germany made the perfect conditions for Hitler's rise to power. Germany's army was limited to 100,000 troops, conscription was banned and Germany was prohibited from maintaining tanks, submarines, or an air force. Circumventing Restrictions However, Germany continued training its pilots using civilian training schools as a cover. Later in 1924, Germany became more daring and aided by Russia they began training in a secret airfield in Lipetsk, Russia using larger military aircraft. Shortly after Adolf Hitler came to power as chancellor on the 30th January 1933 he ordered the large-scale production of military aircraft and training of pilots under the command of Herman Goering. The Luftwaffe was created on the 15th of May 1933 and thanks to huge financial support within three years the secret air force soon became the largest and most powerful air force in the world. Russia also...

TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1919-01-06In 1919 the 26th President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt died. Theodore Roosevelt was quite poorly as a child suffering from asthma he forced himself to live a strenuous life determined not to let it affect him. He studied hard and pursued a life in politics becoming vice president in 1901 to the 25th President, William McKinley. He became President within the year and spent two terms as the 26th President of the United States.  On the night of the 5th of January 1919, Roosevelt went to bed complaining of breathing problems and died in his sleep the following morning. Roosevelt is considered by many to be one of the greatest Presidents and he is immortalised on Mount Rushmore with his face carved into the side of the mountain along with Abraham Lincoln, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.1919-01-16In 1919 prohibition began across the United States of America. Prohibition in the United States, spanning from 1920 to 1933, was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. This transformative era arose from a combination of moral reform movements, social dynamics, and political campaigns, but it also gave rise to unintended consequences that reshaped American society. The 18th Amendment (also known as the Prohibition Amendment) was ratified on the 16th of January 1919 and forbade the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes,". This law proved too difficult to enforce and gave organised crime a new revenue stream. The U.S. Government was forced to bring in the 21st Amendment in 1933 which ended Prohibition. The temperance movement emerged in the early 19th century, advocating for...

TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1918-07-16In 1918 the last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, was executed with his wife and children after the ‘February Revolution’. After the ‘February Revolution’ between the 8th and 12th of March (called the February Revolution because it started in February based on the old Julian calendar used at the time) Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate by the will of the people. His Army garrison in the capital of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) had also joined the revolutionaries calling for socialist reforms and it was not safe for him or his family anymore. Upon his abdication, he named his brother as his successor, but he wisely turned down the position which ended Tsarist rule in Russia. When counter-revolutionary forces began to advance on the captive ex-Tsar’s position in July 1918, the soviet revolutionaries executed Nicholas, his wife, children and many of the servants, shooting them dead on the night of the 16th of July 1918.1918-08-11    In 1918 the most decisive battle of World War I “The Battle of Amiens” ends in victory to the Allies. The Russian revolution of 1917 led them to agreeing a ceasefire on the eastern front on the 15th of December 1917 effectively leaving the First World War. With the Eastern Front ended Germany’s most senior officer, Erich Ludendorff, suddenly had a huge supply of battle ready troops ready to fight against the remaining allies on the Western Front. Ludendorff devised a plan he called the “Emperor’s Battle” which involved the full force of the new troops attacking one point in the western front which was being held by the British Expeditionary Forces near the...

TIMELINE 1900's DateTypeEvent1917-03-08In 1917, ‘The February Revolution’ started in Russia. It was the first part of the 1917 Russian revolution that would culminate in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of Tsarist rule in Russia and lead to the October Revolution in Russia, which was the start of Communism there (also known as Red October). The ‘February and October Revolutions' were named after the months that they occurred in 1917, based on the old Julian calendar, which is currently 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar now used by most of the world. Russia changed to the Gregorian calendar in 1918 after the end of the Russian Revolution. The Russian people had had enough of the growing poverty, governmental corruption and tremendous loss of life for Russia in World War I, which all happened under Tsarist Rule. On this day in the Capital of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), more than 90,000 protesters clashed with police and remained on the streets. The protesters would not leave despite being attacked by the army on the 11th of March, and many were killed. The protestors' resolve didn’t waver. Later that day, 150,000 soldiers joined the protestors, and on the 14th, all Russian Soldiers in the capital had been ordered not to harm the civilians. On the 15 of March, Nicholas II abdicated, giving the throne to his brother Michael. Michael refused the crown, and the Tsar's rule in Russia ended after hundreds of years.1917-04-16  On this day in 1917 Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia after his exile for advocating socialism by Tsar Nicholas II. The Russian people had had enough of the...