Capital: Bucharest

Population (Estimated July 2012): 21,848,504

Area: 238,391km² or 92,043mi²

Currency: Leu (Plural Lei)

Official Language: Romanian

Political Information: Presidential Republic

Official Religion: No Official Religion
(approximately 86.8% of the population are Eastern Orthodox, 7.5% are Protestant, 4.7% are Roman Catholic, 0.9% have other or unspecified beliefs and 0.1% have no religious beliefs).

Highest Mountain: Moldoveanu at 2,544 m or 8,346ft

GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)

(Estimated 2011): $185.3 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)

GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and the use of resources but is not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) 

 (Estimated 2011): $263.9 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $12,300 (US$) or (GBP)

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +2:00

Wildlife: 

Counties/Provinces/States: 41 counties (judete, singular – judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea 

Leaders: President Traian Băsescu with Prime Minister: Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu. 

Additional: Proclaimed independence from the Ottoman Empire on the 9^th of May 1877 which was recognised by the Treaty of Berlin on the 13^th of July 1878.

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Romania

Romania, situated in South-eastern Europe, boasts a rich tapestry of history, diverse cultural heritage and striking natural landscapes. With a population exceeding 19 million, it ranks as the seventh most populous member state of the European Union. Bucharest, the capital, is a dynamic metropolis featuring an eclectic mix of modern and historic architecture, lively thoroughfares and a flourishing cultural milieu.

The country encompasses the renowned Transylvania region, celebrated for its mediaeval castles, fortified churches and awe-inspiring mountainous terrain. Romania’s cultural identity is shaped by a fascinating amalgamation of influences from neighbouring countries, coupled with its distinctive traditions and customs that have evolved over centuries of historical development.

Summary

• Romania is a beautiful country located in Eastern Europe, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and stunning natural landscapes.
• The history and culture of Romania are influenced by a mix of Roman, Dacian, and other European traditions, resulting in a unique and vibrant heritage.
• Romania boasts a diverse geography, including the Carpathian Mountains, the Danube River, and the Black Sea coast, offering a wide range of natural landscapes for visitors to explore.
• Romanian cuisine is a delicious blend of influences from Turkish, Hungarian, and German cuisines, with traditional dishes like sarmale and mămăligă being popular among locals and tourists alike.
• From the medieval castles of Transylvania to the stunning Danube Delta, Romania is home to a wealth of famous landmarks and tourist attractions that draw visitors from around the world.

History and Culture of Romania

Romania has a rich and complex history that dates back thousands of years. The region was once part of the Roman Empire, which is where the country gets its name. Over the centuries, Romania has been influenced by various cultures, including the Dacians, Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans, and Austro-Hungarians.

This diverse heritage has contributed to Romania’s unique cultural identity, which is reflected in its art, music, literature, and traditions. One of the most famous aspects of Romanian culture is its folklore, which includes mythical creatures, traditional dances, and colourful costumes. The country is also known for its vibrant music scene, with a strong tradition of folk music and dance, as well as a growing contemporary music industry.

Romanian cuisine is another important part of the country’s culture, with dishes such as sarmale (cabbage rolls), mămăligă (polenta), and cozonac (sweet bread) being popular staples.

Geography and Natural Landscapes of Romania

Romania is a land of diverse and stunning natural landscapes, ranging from the Carpathian Mountains to the Black Sea coast. The country is home to a wealth of biodiversity, with dense forests, rolling hills, and fertile plains. The Carpathian Mountains dominate the central and northern regions of Romania, offering breathtaking scenery and opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, and wildlife spotting.

The Danube River flows through the southern part of the country, providing fertile land for agriculture and a vital transportation route. The Danube Delta, where the river meets the Black Sea, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most biodiverse areas in Europe. Romania also has a number of beautiful lakes, including the glacial Lake Balea in the Fagaras Mountains and the volcanic Lake Saint Ana in Harghita County.

The country’s natural beauty has made it a popular destination for ecotourism and outdoor enthusiasts.

Romanian Cuisine and Traditions

Romanian cuisine is a delicious blend of flavours and influences from various cultures, including Turkish, Hungarian, German, and Slavic. Traditional Romanian dishes are often hearty and filling, making use of local ingredients such as pork, beef, poultry, dairy products, and vegetables. One of the most iconic Romanian dishes is sarmale, which consists of cabbage leaves stuffed with a mixture of rice and minced meat, cooked in a savoury tomato sauce.

Mămăligă is another staple of Romanian cuisine, made from boiled cornmeal that is similar to polenta. It is often served as a side dish with stews or topped with cheese and sour cream. Desserts are also an important part of Romanian culinary traditions, with sweet treats such as cozonac (a sweet bread filled with nuts and raisins), papanasi (fried doughnuts topped with sour cream and jam), and clatite (thin pancakes filled with fruit or cheese) being popular choices.

Romanian cuisine is often enjoyed as part of traditional celebrations and festivals, where families come together to share meals and enjoy music and dancing.

Famous Landmarks and Tourist Attractions in Romania

Romania is home to a wealth of famous landmarks and tourist attractions that showcase its rich history and natural beauty. One of the most iconic sites in Romania is Bran Castle, often associated with the legend of Dracula due to its eerie appearance and connections to Bram Stoker’s novel. The castle is located in Transylvania and attracts thousands of visitors each year who are drawn to its mysterious atmosphere and stunning mountain backdrop.

Another must-see destination in Romania is the medieval town of Sighisoara, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its well-preserved historic centre and colourful buildings. The Painted Monasteries of Bucovina are also a popular attraction, featuring intricate frescoes that depict religious scenes and folklore. For nature lovers, the Transfagarasan Highway offers a spectacular drive through the Carpathian Mountains, passing by waterfalls, glacial lakes, and dramatic cliffs.

The coastal town of Constanta on the Black Sea coast is home to ancient ruins, sandy beaches, and vibrant nightlife, making it a popular destination for sun-seekers and history enthusiasts alike.

Economy and Politics of Romania

Romania has undergone significant economic and political changes since the fall of communism in 1989. The country has transitioned to a market economy and has become one of the fastest-growing economies in the European Union. Romania’s main industries include manufacturing, agriculture, energy production, and tourism.

The country has a diverse range of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, coal, timber, and fertile land for agriculture. In recent years, Romania has also seen growth in sectors such as information technology, automotive manufacturing, and renewable energy. Politically, Romania is a semi-presidential republic with a multi-party system.

The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The country has made significant progress in strengthening its democratic institutions and rule of law since joining the European Union in 2007.

Romania’s Future and Global Impact

Looking ahead, Romania faces both opportunities and challenges as it continues to develop its economy and strengthen its position on the global stage. The country has made strides in improving infrastructure, education, healthcare, and environmental protection in recent years. However, there are still issues such as corruption, poverty, regional disparities, and emigration that need to be addressed.

Romania’s membership in the European Union has brought increased investment, trade opportunities, and access to EU funds for development projects. The country also plays an important role in regional security as a member of NATO. In terms of global impact, Romania has contributed to peacekeeping missions, humanitarian aid efforts, and cultural exchange programmes around the world.

The country’s rich cultural heritage and natural beauty continue to attract tourists from all over the globe, contributing to its international reputation. In conclusion, Romania is a fascinating country with a rich history, diverse culture, stunning landscapes, delicious cuisine, and promising future. From its ancient folklore to its modern economy, Romania offers a unique blend of tradition and innovation that continues to captivate visitors and inspire admiration around the world.

As the country continues to evolve and make its mark on the global stage, it will undoubtedly remain an intriguing destination for travellers seeking adventure, culture, and natural beauty.

FAQs

What is the capital of Romania?

The capital of Romania is Bucharest.

What is the population of Romania?

As of 2021, the population of Romania is estimated to be around 19 million people.

What is the official language of Romania?

The official language of Romania is Romanian.

What is the currency used in Romania?

The currency used in Romania is the Romanian leu (RON).

What are some popular tourist attractions in Romania?

Some popular tourist attractions in Romania include the Bran Castle, Peleș Castle, the Transfăgărășan Highway, the Danube Delta, and the medieval town of Sighișoara.

What is the climate like in Romania?

Romania has a temperate-continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The climate can vary depending on the region, with mountainous areas experiencing colder temperatures and more snowfall.

What are some traditional Romanian dishes?

Some traditional Romanian dishes include sarmale (cabbage rolls), mămăligă (polenta), ciorbă (sour soup), and mici (grilled minced meat rolls).

What are some famous Romanian people?

Some famous Romanian people include gymnast Nadia Comăneci, sculptor Constantin Brâncuși, and tennis player Simona Halep.