Capital: Taipei

Population (Estimated July 2012): 23,113,901

Area: 36,191km² or 13,973mi²

Currency: New Taiwan Dollar (NT$)

Official Language: Mandarin Chinese

Political Information: Multiparty Democracy

Official Religion: No Official Religion
(approximately 93% of the population are a mixture of Buddhist and Taoist, 4.5% are Christian and 2.5% have other religious beliefs)

Highest Mountain: Yu Shan Mountain at 3,952m or 12,966ft

GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)

(Estimated 2011): $466.8 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated in 2011): 

GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and the use of resources but is not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States)

(Estimated 2011): $885.3 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $38,200 (US$) or (GBP)

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +8:00

Wildlife: 

Counties/Provinces/States: 18 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 3 municipalities (shih, singular and plural), and 4 special municipalities (chih-hsia-shih, singular and plural)

counties: Changhua, Chiayi (county), Hsinchu (county), Hualien, Kaohsiung (county), Kinmen, Lienchiang, Miaoli, Nantou, Penghu, Pingtung, Taichung, Tainan (county), Taipei (county), Taitung (county), Taoyuan, Yilan, Yunlin

municipalities: Chiayi (city), Hsinchu (city), Keelung

special municipalities: Kaohsiung (city), Taichung (city), Tainan (city), Taipei (city) 

 Leaders: President Ma Ying-jeou; Premier Sean C. Chen

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Taiwan

Taiwan, an island nation located off the southeastern coast of China, is renowned for its diverse geography and varied climate. The island stretches approximately 394 kilometres from north to south and is characterised by a rugged mountain range that runs along its eastern spine, with peaks such as Yushan (Jade Mountain) reaching heights of over 3,900 metres. This mountainous terrain gives way to lush valleys and rolling hills, particularly in the central and western regions, where agriculture thrives.

The western plains are home to the majority of Taiwan’s population and urban centres, including the capital city, Taipei. The island is surrounded by the Taiwan Strait to the west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Bashi Channel to the south, which contributes to its strategic significance in East Asia. The climate of Taiwan is predominantly subtropical, with distinct seasonal variations.

The northern part of the island experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterised by hot, humid summers and mild winters. In contrast, the southern region enjoys a tropical climate, with warmer temperatures year-round. The monsoon season typically occurs from May to October, bringing heavy rainfall and occasional typhoons that can significantly impact daily life and infrastructure.

The interplay between the island’s geography and climate creates a rich biodiversity, with numerous endemic species of flora and fauna thriving in its varied ecosystems, from coastal mangroves to high-altitude forests.

Summary

• Taiwan is an island located in East Asia, known for its diverse geography including mountains, forests, and coastal plains, as well as a subtropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons.
• The history of Taiwan is marked by periods of colonization and influence from various countries, leading to a rich cultural heritage that includes traditional Chinese, Japanese, and indigenous Taiwanese elements.
• Taiwanese cuisine is a fusion of different culinary traditions, with popular dishes such as beef noodle soup, oyster omelette, and bubble tea, reflecting the island’s diverse cultural influences.
• Taiwan has experienced rapid economic development, particularly in the technology and manufacturing industries, making it a key player in the global supply chain and a hub for innovation and entrepreneurship.
• Taiwan’s political situation is complex, with ongoing tensions and disputes with China over sovereignty, but the island has also developed diplomatic relations with other countries and is known for its vibrant democracy and civil society.

History and Culture of Taiwan

Taiwan’s history is a tapestry woven from various cultural influences and historical events. The island was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years before the arrival of Han Chinese settlers in the 17th century. The Dutch established a short-lived colony in the south during this period, followed by the Spanish in the north.

However, it was the Ming loyalist Koxinga who expelled the Dutch in 1662, establishing a brief period of Chinese rule. This early interaction set the stage for a complex cultural exchange that would shape Taiwan’s identity. In the late 19th century, Taiwan was ceded to Japan following the First Sino-Japanese War.

Japanese rule lasted for fifty years and had a profound impact on Taiwan’s infrastructure, education system, and industrialisation. The Japanese introduced modernisation efforts that transformed the island’s economy and society. After World War II, Taiwan was placed under the administration of the Republic of China (ROC).

The subsequent Chinese Civil War led to the retreat of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949, resulting in a period of martial law that lasted until 1987. This historical backdrop has fostered a unique blend of cultures, where indigenous traditions coexist with Chinese customs and Japanese influences, creating a rich cultural mosaic that is evident in Taiwan’s festivals, arts, and daily life.

Taiwanese Cuisine and Culinary Traditions

Taiwanese cuisine is a vibrant reflection of the island’s diverse cultural heritage and agricultural bounty. It is characterised by its emphasis on fresh ingredients, bold flavours, and a variety of cooking techniques. Street food plays a significant role in Taiwanese culinary culture, with night markets serving as bustling hubs where locals and tourists alike can sample an array of dishes.

Popular street foods include stinky tofu, a fermented delicacy that has garnered both admiration and aversion; oyster omelettes, which combine fresh oysters with eggs and sweet potato starch; and bubble tea, a globally recognised beverage that originated in Taiwan. The culinary traditions of Taiwan are also deeply rooted in regional variations. For instance, northern Taiwanese cuisine often features wheat-based products such as dumplings and noodles, while southern cuisine leans towards rice dishes and seafood.

The influence of indigenous peoples is evident in dishes that incorporate local ingredients like wild game and mountain vegetables. Furthermore, Taiwanese cuisine has been shaped by historical migrations and interactions with other cultures, resulting in unique dishes such as beef noodle soup and braised pork rice that reflect both Chinese culinary techniques and local flavours. Festivals also play a crucial role in Taiwanese food culture; during celebrations like the Lunar New Year or the Mid-Autumn Festival, specific dishes are prepared to honour traditions and family ties.

Taiwan’s Economic Development and Industries

Taiwan’s economic development has been remarkable since the latter half of the 20th century. Following World War II, the island underwent significant industrialisation driven by government policies that promoted export-oriented growth. The establishment of export processing zones attracted foreign investment and facilitated technological transfer, allowing Taiwan to become a global leader in electronics manufacturing.

Today, Taiwan is home to some of the world’s largest semiconductor companies, such as TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company), which plays a pivotal role in the global supply chain for electronic devices. In addition to electronics, Taiwan’s economy is diversified across various sectors including textiles, machinery, chemicals, and agriculture. The agricultural sector has evolved from subsistence farming to a more modernised approach that emphasises high-value crops such as fruits and vegetables.

The government has also invested in research and development to foster innovation in biotechnology and renewable energy industries. Despite facing challenges such as an ageing population and competition from neighbouring countries, Taiwan continues to adapt its economic strategies to maintain its competitive edge in the global market.

Taiwan’s Political Situation and Relations with China

The political landscape of Taiwan is complex and often contentious due to its historical relationship with China. Since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, Taiwan has operated as a separate entity with its own government and democratic institutions; however, China views Taiwan as a breakaway province that must eventually be reunified with the mainland. This fundamental disagreement has led to ongoing tensions between the two sides.

The political situation is further complicated by Taiwan’s desire for international recognition as a sovereign state while facing diplomatic isolation due to China’s influence. In recent years, Taiwan has sought to strengthen its international presence through participation in global organisations and partnerships with like-minded countries. The election of pro-independence leaders has heightened tensions with Beijing, which has responded with military posturing and diplomatic pressure.

Despite these challenges, many Taiwanese citizens express a strong sense of national identity distinct from China. Public opinion surveys indicate that a significant portion of the population supports maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing formal independence or unification with China.

Tourism in Taiwan: Attractions and Activities

Natural Wonders

The island is blessed with an abundance of natural beauty; Taroko Gorge National Park is famous for its stunning marble cliffs and hiking trails that offer breathtaking views of waterfalls and lush vegetation. Sun Moon Lake, situated in central Taiwan, is another picturesque spot where visitors can enjoy boating activities or cycling around its scenic perimeter.

Cultural Experiences

Rich cultural experiences await tourists in cities like Taipei, where landmarks such as Taipei 101—the iconic skyscraper—offer panoramic views of the cityscape. The National Palace Museum houses an extensive collection of Chinese artefacts spanning thousands of years, providing insight into Taiwan’s historical connections with mainland China.

Immersing in Local Culture

Night markets are also a must-visit for those looking to immerse themselves in local culture; these vibrant markets are filled with food stalls selling everything from grilled meats to sweet desserts while offering an authentic glimpse into Taiwanese life.

Education and Technology in Taiwan

Education is highly valued in Taiwanese society, with a strong emphasis on academic achievement from an early age. The education system is structured into several levels: elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, and higher education institutions. Taiwan boasts a high literacy rate and has made significant investments in education over the years to ensure that its workforce remains competitive in an increasingly globalised economy.

The focus on science and technology education has been particularly pronounced as Taiwan seeks to maintain its position as a leader in innovation. The technology sector is one of Taiwan’s most significant economic drivers. The island is often referred to as “Silicon Island” due to its robust semiconductor industry and thriving tech ecosystem.

Universities collaborate closely with industries to foster research and development initiatives that push technological boundaries. Initiatives such as “Taiwan Tech Arena” aim to support startups by providing resources for innovation while attracting international talent to bolster local expertise. This synergy between education and technology not only fuels economic growth but also positions Taiwan as a key player in global technological advancements.

Environmental Issues and Conservation Efforts in Taiwan

Taiwan faces several environmental challenges stemming from rapid industrialisation, urbanisation, and climate change impacts. Air pollution remains a pressing issue in urban areas due to emissions from vehicles and factories; however, efforts are underway to address this through stricter regulations on emissions and investments in public transportation systems. Water pollution is another concern, particularly in rivers affected by agricultural runoff and industrial waste.

In response to these challenges, Taiwan has implemented various conservation efforts aimed at protecting its rich biodiversity and natural resources. The government has designated numerous national parks and protected areas to safeguard ecosystems while promoting sustainable tourism practices. Initiatives such as reforestation projects aim to restore degraded landscapes while enhancing carbon sequestration capabilities.

Additionally, public awareness campaigns encourage citizens to engage in environmentally friendly practices such as recycling and reducing plastic use. These concerted efforts reflect Taiwan’s commitment to balancing economic development with environmental sustainability for future generations.

FAQs

What is the official name of Taiwan?

The official name of Taiwan is the Republic of China (ROC).

Is Taiwan a part of China?

Taiwan considers itself a sovereign state, but China claims it as a part of its territory. The political status of Taiwan is a complex and contentious issue.

What is the capital city of Taiwan?

The capital city of Taiwan is Taipei.

What is the population of Taiwan?

As of 2021, the population of Taiwan is approximately 23.6 million people.

What is the official language of Taiwan?

The official language of Taiwan is Mandarin Chinese.

What is the currency used in Taiwan?

The currency used in Taiwan is the New Taiwan Dollar (TWD).

Is Taiwan a democracy?

Yes, Taiwan is a democratic country with a multi-party political system.

What are some popular tourist attractions in Taiwan?

Some popular tourist attractions in Taiwan include Taroko National Park, Sun Moon Lake, Taipei 101, and the National Palace Museum.

What is the climate like in Taiwan?

Taiwan has a subtropical climate, with hot and humid summers and mild winters. It is prone to typhoons during the summer and early autumn.