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TIMELINE
Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika (Republic of Lithuania)) Capital: Vilnius Population (Estimated July 2012): 3,525,761 Area: 65,300 km2 or 25,212 mi2 Currency: Litas (LTL) Official Language: Lithuanian Political Information: Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 79% of the population are Roman Catholic, 4.1% are Russian Orthadox, 1.9% are Protestant, 5.5 % have other religious beliefs and 9.5% have no religious beliefs) Highest Point: Aukštojas Hill at 294m or 964ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $43.2 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $61.3 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $18,700 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +2:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 10 counties (apskritys, singular – apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos, Marijampoles, Panevezio, Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus Leaders: President Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (since 12 July 2009) with Prime Minister Saulius SKVERNELIS (since 13 December 2016). Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Latvia
Latvia (Latvijas Republika (Republic of Latvia)) Capital of Latvia: Riga Population (Estimated July 2012): 2,191,580 Area: 64,589 km2 or 24,926 mi2 Currency: Lats (Ls; Plural Lati) Official Language: Latvian Political Information: Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 19.6% of the population are Lutheran, 15.3% are Orthodox, 1% have other Christian beliefs, 0.4% have other religious beliefs and 63.7% have unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Gaiziņkalns at 312m or 1,024 ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $27.4 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $34.58 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $15,400 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +2:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 110 municipalities (novadi, singular-novads) and 9 cities municipalities: Adazu Novads, Aglonas Novads, Aizkraukles Novads, Aizputes Novads, Aknistes Novads, Alojas Novads, Alsungas Novads, Aluksnes Novads, Amatas Novads, Apes Novads, Auces Novads, Babites Novads, Baldones Novads, Baltinavas Novads, Balvu Novads, Bauskas Novads, Beverinas Novads, Brocenu Novads, Burtnieku Novads, Carnikavas Novads, Cesu Novads, Cesvaines Novads, Ciblas Novads, Dagdas Novads, Daugavpils Novads, Dobeles Novads, Dundagas Novads, Durbes Novads, Engures Novads, Erglu Novads, Garkalnes Novads, Grobinas Novads, Gulbenes Novads, Iecavas Novads, Ikskiles Novads, Ilukstes Novads, Incukalna Novads, Jaunjelgavas Novads, Juanpiebalgas...
Italy
Italy (Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic)) Capital of Italy: Rome Population (Estimated July 2012): 61,261,254 Area: 301,336 km2 or 116,346 mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Italian Political Information: Parliamentary Constitutional Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 80% of the population are Christian and 20% are Agnostic or Athiest) Highest Mountain: Monte Bianco (Monte Blanc in French) at 4,810 m or 15,781 ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $2.246 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $1.822 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $30,100 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 15 regions (regioni, singular – regione) and 5 autonomous regions (regioni autonome, singular – regione autonoma) regions: Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto (Venetia) Autonomous regions: Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Sardegna (Sardinia); Sicilia (Sicily); Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German); Valle d’Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallee d’Aoste (French) Leaders: President Sergio MATTARELLA (since 3 February 2015) with Prime Minister Giuseppe CONTE (since 1 June 2018); the prime minister’s official title is President of the Council of Ministers Sources: CIA...
Scotland
Scotland (Latin: Scotia (land of the Scots)) Capital of Scotland: Edinburgh Population (Estimated 2010): 5,220,000 Area: 127,528km²or 49,239mi2 Currency: Pound Sterling (£) Official Language: English Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy and Parliamentary Democracy Official Religion:No Official Religion Highest Mountain: Ben Nevis at 1,343m or 4,406ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2010): (US$) or 105,548 Million (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT Counties/Provinces/States: 33 Counties; Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll, Banffshire, Berwickshire,Caithness, Clackmannanshire, County of Bute, County of Moray, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, Fife, Inverness-shire, Kincardineshire, Kinross-shire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Lanarkshire, Midlothian, Nairnshire, Orkney, Peeblesshire, Perthshire, Renfrewshire, Ross and Cromarty, Roxburghshire, Selkirkshire, Stirlingshire, Sutherland, West Lothian, Wigtownshire and Zetland (Shetland) Leaders: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II, with First Minister Nicola Sturgeon. Additional: Scotland has 790 islands of which only 130 are inhabited. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Scotland Scotland, a nation steeped in rich history and vibrant culture, occupies the northern part of the United Kingdom. Renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, from rugged highlands to serene lochs, Scotland offers a unique blend of natural beauty and historical significance. The country is often celebrated for its distinct identity, which is shaped by its Celtic roots, a legacy of ancient clans, and a profound connection to the arts. With a population of approximately 5.4 million, Scotland is not only a land of stunning vistas but also a hub of innovation and tradition, where the past and present coexist harmoniously. Visitors to Scotland are often captivated by its diverse offerings, ranging from bustling cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow to the tranquil beauty of the Highlands. The capital city,...
New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa (Maori)) Capital of New Zealand: Wellington Population (Estimated July 2012): 4,327,944 Area: 270,692km2 or 104,515mi2 Currency: New Zealand dollar (NZ$) Official Language: English (91%); Maori; New Zealand Sign Language Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy and Parliamentary Democracy Official Religion: No Official Religion(approximately 38.6% of the population are Protestant, 32.2% have no religion, 12.6% are Roman Catholic, 1.6% are Maori Christian, 1.6% are Hindu, 1.3 are Buddhist and 2.2% follow other religions) Highest Mountain: Mount Cook at 3,754m or 12 316ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $168.8 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $123.3 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $27,900 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +12:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast Leaders: H.M. Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016) and Prime Minister Jacinda ARDERN (since 26 October 2017); Deputy Prime Minister Winston PETERS (since 26 October 2017) Additional: Gained independence from the U.K. on...
Pakistan
Pakistan (Islamic Republic of Pakistan) Capital of Pakistan: Islamabad Population (Estimated July 2012): 190,291,129 Area: 796,096km2 or 307,374mi2 Currency: Pakistani Rupee (PKR) Official Language: Urdu and English (but 48% of the population speak Punjabi the most spoken language in Pakistan) Political Information: Federal Presidential, Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: Islam (approximately 95% of the population are Muslim and 5% are Christian or Hindu). Highest Mountain: K2 at 8,611m or 28,251ft (worlds 2nd highest) GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $204.1 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $488 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $2,800 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +5:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh Leaders: President Mamnoon HUSSAIN (since 9 September 2013) with Interim Prime Minister Nasir-UL-MULK (since 1 June 2018); Imran KHAN to be sworn in as prime minister on 11 August 2018 following his party’s majority win in the 25 July 2018 National Asembly election Additional: Gained independence from British India on the 14th of August 1947. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
India
India (Bharat (Hindi); Republic of India (English)) Capital of India: New Delhi Population (Estimated July 2012): 1,205,073,612 Area: 3,166,414 km2 or 1,222,559 mi2 Currency: Indian Rupee (Re, Plural Rs) Official Language: Hindi and English Political Information: Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 80.5% of the population are Hindu, 13.4% are Muslim, 2.3% are Christian, 1.9% are Sikh 1.9% have other or unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Anamudi 2,695m or 8,842ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.843 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $4.463 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $3,700 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +5:30 Counties/Provinces/States: 28 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal Leaders: President Ram Nath KOVIND (since 25 July 2017); Vice President M. Venkaiah NAIDU (since 11 August 2017) and Prime Minister Narendra MODI (since 26 May...
Russia
Russia (Rossiyskaya Federatsiya (Russian Federation)) Capital: Moscow Population (Estimated July 2012): 138,082,178 Area: 17,098,200km2 or 6,601,700mi2 Currency: Ruble (RUB) Official Language: Russian Political Information: Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 15-20% of the population are Russian Orthodox, 10-15% are Muslim, 2% have other Christian beliefs and the remainder have unknown/unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mount Elbrus at 5,642m or 18,510ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.79 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $2.38 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $16,700 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): between +3:00 to +12:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 46 provinces (oblastey, singular – oblast), 21 republics (respublik, singular – respublika), 4 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnykh okrugov, singular – avtonomnyy okrug), 9 krays (krayev, singular – kray), 2 federal cities (goroda, singular – gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast’) oblasts: Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel’sk, Astrakhan’, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan’, Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver’, Tyumen’, Ul’yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl’ ...
Ireland
Ireland (Éire (Irish); Ireland (English)) Capital of Ireland: Dublin Population (Estimated July 2012): 4,722,028 Area: 70,273 km2 or 27,133 mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Irish and English Political Information: Constitutional Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 87.4% of the population are Roman Catholic, 4.8% Have other Christian beliefs, 3.6% have other or unspecified religious beliefs and 4.2% have no religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Carrauntoohil (Corrán Tuathail (Irish)) 1,038m or 3,406 ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $221.7 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $181.9 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $39,500 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT Counties/Provinces/States: 29 counties and 5 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Limerick*, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, North Tipperary, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, South Tipperary, Waterford, Waterford*, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow Leaders: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011) with Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 14 June 2017). Additional: Gained independence from the UK on the 6th of December 1921. Sources: CIA World Fact Book,...
Netherlands
Netherlands (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Kingdom of the Netherlands)) Capital of the Netherlands: Amsterdam Population (Estimated July 2012): 16,730,632 Area: 41,543km2 or 16,040mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Dutch Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy and Parliamentary Democracy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 42% of the population have no religion, 30% are Roman Catholic, 20% are Protestant, 5.8% are Muslim and 2.2% have other religious beliefs). Highest Point: Vaalserberg hill at 322m or 1,059ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011) $858.3 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $705.7 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011) $42,300 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 12 provinces (provincies, singular – provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Fryslan (Friesland), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (Zealand), Zuid-Holland (South Holland) Leaders: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (since 30 April 2013) with Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010; Deputy Prime Ministers (since 26 October 2017) . Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Netherlands The Netherlands, officially known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is a densely populated country situated in Western Europe. It is renowned for its predominantly flat terrain, intricate canal networks, traditional windmills, and...
Spain
Spain (Reino de España (Kingdom of Spain)) Capital of Spain: Madrid Population (Estimated July 2012): 47,042,984 Area: 505,991km2 or 195,364mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Castilian Spanish Political Information: Parliamentary Monarchy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 94% of the population is Roman Catholic and 6% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Pico de Teide (in the Canary Islands) at 3,718m or 12, GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.494 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $1.432 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $31,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT Counties/Provinces/States: 17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular – comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular – ciudad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Ceuta*, Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna (Catalonia), Comunidad Valenciana (Valencian Community), Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Melilla*, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque Country) Leaders: King FELIPE VI (since 19 June 2014); Heir Apparent Princess LEONOR, Princess of Asturias, daughter of the monarch (born 31 October 2005) with President (Prime Minister) Mariano Rajoy. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Spain Spain, a vibrant nation...
France
France (République Française (French Republic) Capital of France: Paris Population of France(Estimated July 2012): 62,814,233 Area: 543,965 km2 or 210,026 mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: French Political Information: Unitary Semi-Presidential Constitutional Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 83%-88% of the population are Roman Catholic, 2% are Protestant, 1% are Jewish, 5%-10% are Muslim and 4% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mont Blanc 4,810m or 15,781 ft Longest River: The Loire at 1,012 km or 629mi GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $2.808 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $2.214 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $35,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 27 regions (regions, singular – region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie (Lower Normandy), Bourgogne (Burgundy), Bretagne (Brittany), Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse (Corsica), Franche-Comte, Guadeloupe, Guyane (French Guiana), Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy), Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Martinique, Mayotte, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur, Reunion, Rhone-Alpes Leaders: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017) with Prime Minister Edouard PHILIPPE (since 15 May 2017). Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. France France has a rich and diverse history that...
