Explore the World Through Geography, Natural Resources & Daily History
Clear, reliable and engaging guides that help you understand our planet — from UK geography education to global natural resources and On This Day history events.
Explore, discover, and learn about the wonders of our world! At Earth Site, we’re passionate about bringing geography, history, and science to life for curious minds of all ages. Whether you’re delving into historical events, uncovering the mysteries of the natural world, or seeking interactive resources, you’re in the right place.
Here, you can uncover the stories behind historical events, explore the natural wonders of our planet, and gain valuable insights into how the Earth’s systems shape our daily lives. From the towering peaks of mountain ranges to the far-reaching impacts of human innovation, we aim to make every topic both engaging and informative.
Start your journey of discovery with us today, and let’s make learning an adventure!
What We Cover
Earth Site brings together engaging and accessible educational content designed to help you understand the world, its history, and its natural systems.
🌍 Geography Education (UK & Worldwide)
We publish clear, easy-to-understand geography resources for students, teachers and curious learners. Our guides support geography education in the UK and cover physical geography, climate, ecosystems, population, and global development.
⛏️ Natural Resources & Environmental Geography
Explore detailed country profiles covering natural resources, mining, energy, geology and global environmental challenges. We show how nations manage minerals, water, land and ecosystems, and why these resources matter.
📅 On This Day in History
Every day has a story. Our On This Day history series features major events, anniversaries, traditions, and cultural milestones from around the world — with timelines, context, and fun facts.
TIMELINE
Spain
Spain (Reino de España (Kingdom of Spain)) Capital of Spain: Madrid Population (Estimated July 2012): 47,042,984 Area: 505,991km2 or 195,364mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Castilian Spanish Political Information: Parliamentary Monarchy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 94% of the population is Roman Catholic and 6% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Pico de Teide (in the Canary Islands) at 3,718m or 12, GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.494 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $1.432 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $31,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT Counties/Provinces/States: 17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular – comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular – ciudad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Ceuta*, Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna (Catalonia), Comunidad Valenciana (Valencian Community), Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Melilla*, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque Country) Leaders: King FELIPE VI (since 19 June 2014); Heir Apparent Princess LEONOR, Princess of Asturias, daughter of the monarch (born 31 October 2005) with President (Prime Minister) Mariano Rajoy. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Spain Spain, a vibrant nation...
France
France (République Française (French Republic) Capital of France: Paris Population of France(Estimated July 2012): 62,814,233 Area: 543,965 km2 or 210,026 mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: French Political Information: Unitary Semi-Presidential Constitutional Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 83%-88% of the population are Roman Catholic, 2% are Protestant, 1% are Jewish, 5%-10% are Muslim and 4% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mont Blanc 4,810m or 15,781 ft Longest River: The Loire at 1,012 km or 629mi GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $2.808 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $2.214 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $35,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 27 regions (regions, singular – region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie (Lower Normandy), Bourgogne (Burgundy), Bretagne (Brittany), Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse (Corsica), Franche-Comte, Guadeloupe, Guyane (French Guiana), Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy), Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Martinique, Mayotte, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur, Reunion, Rhone-Alpes Leaders: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017) with Prime Minister Edouard PHILIPPE (since 15 May 2017). Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. France France has a rich and diverse history that...
England
England Capital: London Population (Estimated 2012): 52,656,400 Area: 130,395 km2 or 50,346 mi2 Currency: Pound Sterling (GBP(£)) Official Language: English Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy and Democratic Parliament Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 77.7% of the population are Christian, 3.2% are Muslim, 1.2% are Hindu, 1.8% have other religious beliefs and 16.1% have no religious beliefs Based on 2001 Census for England and Wales) Highest Mountain: Scafell Pike at 978m or 3,209ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT Counties/Provinces/States: (Counties)Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Riding, East Sussex, East Yorkshire, Essex, Gloucestershire, Greater London, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Merseyside, Middlesex, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Rutland, Shropshire, Somerset, South Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Tyne and Wear, Warwickshire, Westmorland, Wiltshire, Worcestershire, West Sussex and West Yorkshire. Leaders: H.M. Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES, son of the queen (born 14 November 1948); Prime Minister Theresa MAY (Conservative) (since 13 July 2016) England The history...
Germany
Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany)) Capital: Berlin Population (Estimated July 2012): 81,305,856 Area: 357,104 km2 or 137,879 mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: German Political Information: Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 34% of the population are Protestant, 34% are Roman Catholic, 3.7% are Muslim and 28.3% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Zugspitze at 2,963m or 9,721ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $3.629 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $3.085 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $37,900 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 16 states (Laender, singular – Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note – Bayern, Sachsen, and Thuringen refer to themselves as free states (Freistaaten, singular – Freistaat) Leaders: Acting President Horst Seehofer with Chancellor Angela Merkel. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Germany Germany, officially known as the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country located in the heart of Europe. It is bordered by nine...
United States of America
United States of America Capital: Washington, D.C. Population (Estimated July 2012): 313,847,465 Area: 9,526,468km2 or 3,678,190mi2 Currency: United States Dollar (U.S.$) Official Language: No official (English Predominantly spoken) Political Information: Federal Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 51.3% of the population is Protestant, 23.9% are Roman Catholic, 1.6% are other Christian, 1.7% are Mormon, 1.7% are Jewish, 0.7% are Buddhist, 0.7% are Muslim, 14.6% have other or unspecified religious beliefs and 4% have no religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mount McKinley, Churchill Peaks and South Peak at 6,105m or 20,029.5ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $15.06 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $15.04 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $48,100 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): Between -5:00 and -10:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 50 states and 1 district*;~ Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,...
United Kingdom
United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) Capital: London Population (Estimated July 2012): 63,047,162 Area: 243,073km2 or 93,851mi2 Currency: Pound Sterling (£) Official Language: English Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy with Democratic Parliament Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 71.6% of the population is Christian, 23.1% have unspecified or no religious beliefs, 2.7% are Muslim, 1% are Hindu and a small minority are Jedi) Highest Mountain: Ben Nevis (in Scotland) at 1,344m or 4,377ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $2.481 (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $2.25 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $36,600 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMTWildlife: Counties/Provinces/States: England: 27 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*) two-tier counties: Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham,...
Kuwait
Kuwait (Dawlat al-Kuwayt (State of Kuwait)) Capital: Kuwait (City) Population (Estimated July 2012): 2,646,314 Area: 17,818 km2 or 6,880 mi2 Currency: Kuwaiti Dinar (KD) Official Language: Arabic Political Information: Hereditary Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: Islam (approximately 85% of the population are Muslim and 15% have other religious beliefs) GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $171.1 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $149.8 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $40,700 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +3:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 6 governorates (muhafazat, singular – muhafazah); Al Ahmadi, Al ‘Asimah, Al Farwaniyah, Al Jahra’, Hawalli, Mubarak al Kabir Leaders: Amir SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 29 January 2006); Crown Prince NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (born 25 June 1937), with Prime Minister JABIR AL-MUBARAK al-Hamad al-Sabah (since 30 November 2011); First Deputy Prime Minister NASIR al-Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah (since 12 December 2017); Deputy Prime Ministers SABAH al-KHALD al-Sabah (since 4 August 2013), KHALD al-Jarrah al-Sabah (since December 2016), Anas al-SALEH (since 2015) Additional: Gained independence from the UK on the 19th of June 1961. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Kuwait Kuwait, officially known...
Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands Capital of Cayman Islands: George Town Population (Estimated July 2012): 52,560 Area: 264 km2 or 102 mi2 Currency: Cayman Islands Dollar (CI$) Official Language: English Political Information: British Overseas Territory Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 67.7% of the population are Protestant, 12.6% are Roman Catholic, 13.3% have other religious beliefs and 6.1% have no religious beliefs) Highest Point: The Bluff on Cayman Brac at 43m or 141ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $2.25 Billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2008): $2.25 Billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2004): $43,800 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -5:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western Leaders: H.M. Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by acting Governor Franz MANDERSON (since 13 June 2018); note – Anwar CHOUDHURY was suspended from office as governor on 13 June 2018 with Premier Alden MCLAUGHLIN (since 29 May 2013). Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Cape Verde
Cape Verde (República de Cabo Verde (Republic of Cape Verde)) Capital of Cape Verde: Praia Population (Estimated July 2012): 523,568 Area: 4,033 km2 or 1,557 mi2 Currency: Escudo (C.V.Esc.) Official Language: Portuguese Political Information: Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (But mainly Roman Catholic and Protestant) Highest Mountain: Mt. Fogo (a volcano) at 2,829m or 9,281ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.9 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $2.04 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $4,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 17 municipalities (concelhos, singular – concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Lourenco dos Orgaos, Sao Miguel, Sao Salvador do Mundo, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de Sao Nicolau Leaders: President Jorge Carlos FONSECA (since 9 September 2011) with Prime Minister Ulisses CORREIA E. SILVA (since 22 April 2016) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cabo Verde Cabo Verde, also known as Cape Verde, is a group of islands located off the coast...
Canada
Canada Capital: Ottawa Population (Estimated July 2012): 34,300,083 Area: 9,984,670 km2 or 3,855,103 mi2 Currency: Canadian Dollar (Can$) Official Language: English and French Political Information: Federal Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 42.6% of the population is Roman Catholic, 23.3% are Protestant, 4.4% have other Christian Beliefs, 1.9% are Muslim, 11.8% have other or unspecified religious beliefs and 16% have no religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mount Logan at 5,959m or 19,551ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.759 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $1.389 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $40,300 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): Between -3:30 to -8:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* Leaders: H.M. Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Julie PAYETTE (since 2 October 2017) with Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Canada Canada is the second-largest country in the world, spanning...
Cameroon
Cameroon (République du Cameroun (French); Republic of Cameroon (English)) Capital: Yaoundé Population (Estimated July 2012): 20,129,878 Area: 476,350 km2 or 183,920 mi2 Currency: CFA franc (CFAF) Official Language: French and English Political Information: Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 40% of the population have indigenous beliefs, 40% are Christian, and 20% are Muslim) Highest Mountain: Cameroon Mountain at 4,040m or 13,255ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $25.8 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $47.12 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $2,300 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 10 regions (regions, singular – region); Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, North-West (Nord-Ouest), Ouest, Sud, South-West (Sud-Ouest) Leaders: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) with Philémon Yang as Prime Minister (since 30 June 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Amadou ALI (since 2014)and Jean NKUETE Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cameroon Cameroon, located in West Africa, is a country with a rich history and cultural heritage. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the...
Cambodia
Cambodia (Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (Kingdom of Cambodia)) Capital: Phnom Penh Population (Estimated July 2012): 14,952,665 Area: 181,035 km2 or 69,898 mi2 Currency: Riel (KHR) Official Language: Khmer Political Information: Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: Buddhism (approximately 96.4% of the population are Buddhist, 2.1% are Muslim, 1.3% have other religious beliefs and 0.2% have unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Phnum Aoral at 1,810m or 5,938ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $13.2 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $32.95 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $2,300 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +7:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 23 Provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) Provinces: Banteay Mean Choay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Choay, Pailin, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev Municipalities: Phnum Penh (Phnom Penh) Leaders: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) and Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985); Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008);...