Capital: Port Moresby

Population (Estimated July 2012): 6,310,129

Area: 462,840km² or 178,704mi²

Currency: Kina (K)

Official Language: English, Hiri Motu and Tok Pisin

Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy with Democratic Parliament

Official Religion: No Official Religion
(approximately 69.4% of the population are Protestant, 27% are Roman Catholic and 3.6% have other religious beliefs)

Highest Mountain: Mount Wilhelm at 4,509m or 14,793ft

GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a country’s economic power)

(Estimated 2011): $11.4 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP)

GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and the use of resources but is not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) 

 (Estimated 2011): $16.7 billion (US$) or (GBP)

GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $2,500 (US$) or (GBP)

Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +10:00

Wildlife:

Counties/Provinces/States: 18 provinces, 1 autonomous region*, and 1 district**; Bougainville*, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital**, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain

 Leaders: (Head of State) H.M. Queen Eliuzabeth II represented by  Governor Michael OGIO; Prime Ministers Peter O’Neill

 Additional: Gained independence from an Australian-administered UN trusteeship on the 16^th of September 1975.

Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea is a nation situated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, encompassing the eastern portion of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands. It is renowned for its exceptional cultural diversity, boasting over 850 indigenous languages spoken within its borders. The country’s terrain is characterised by rugged landscapes, including dense rainforests, mountains and coastal lowlands.

Papua New Guinea experiences a tropical climate, with consistently high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. The wet season occurs from December to March, bringing heavy rainfall and potential cyclones, whilst the dry season spans from May to October. The varied geography and climate have contributed to the country’s rich biodiversity, hosting a wide array of plant and animal species.

The geography of Papua New Guinea is distinguished by its mountainous interior, which encompasses some of the world’s most remote and unexplored regions. Mount Wilhelm, the country’s highest peak, stands at an elevation of 4,509 metres. The challenging terrain has impeded transportation and infrastructure development, particularly in more isolated areas.

The coastal lowlands are home to several significant waterways, including the Sepik River, one of the nation’s longest. The diverse geography has played a crucial role in shaping the country’s cultural landscape, with distinct ethnic groups often inhabiting specific regions. In essence, Papua New Guinea’s geography and climate have been instrumental in moulding the nation’s cultural and natural environment.

Summary

• Papua New Guinea is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and is known for its diverse geography, including mountains, rainforests, and coastal plains, as well as its tropical climate with high humidity and rainfall.
• The history of Papua New Guinea is marked by a rich cultural diversity, with over 800 different languages spoken and a variety of traditional customs and rituals still practiced by different indigenous groups.
• The economy of Papua New Guinea is heavily reliant on natural resources such as minerals, timber, and marine resources, but faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and a lack of skilled labour.
• Papua New Guinea operates under a parliamentary democracy, with a Prime Minister as the head of government and a Governor-General as the representative of the Queen of Papua New Guinea.
• Papua New Guinea faces challenges such as poverty, healthcare access, and environmental conservation, but also has opportunities for economic growth through sustainable development and investment in sectors such as tourism and agriculture.
• Papua New Guinea is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including unique species such as the tree kangaroo and the bird of paradise, making it a potential hotspot for ecotourism and wildlife conservation efforts.
• The future prospects for Papua New Guinea include the potential for economic growth through sustainable development, increased investment in infrastructure, and the preservation of its rich cultural heritage and natural resources.

History and Cultural Diversity of Papua New Guinea

Early European Contact

The first European contact with Papua New Guinea occurred in the 16th century when Portuguese and Spanish explorers arrived in the region. However, it was not until the 19th century that European colonial powers began to establish control over the island. The northern part of the island was colonised by Germany, while the southern part was controlled by the British.

Colonial Era and Independence

During World War I, Australian forces occupied German New Guinea, and after the war, the League of Nations mandated that Australia administer the territory. Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia in 1975, becoming a sovereign nation with a parliamentary democracy.

Cultural Diversity and Traditions

The country’s cultural diversity is one of its most defining features, with over 850 indigenous languages spoken by various ethnic groups. Each group has its own unique traditions, customs, and belief systems, contributing to the rich tapestry of cultures found throughout the country. Traditional practices such as storytelling, dance, and art continue to be important aspects of Papua New Guinean culture. The country also has a strong tradition of oral history, with many communities passing down their stories and legends through generations. Overall, Papua New Guinea’s history and cultural diversity have played a significant role in shaping the country’s identity and national character.

Economy and Natural Resources of Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea has a diverse economy that is heavily reliant on natural resources. The country is rich in mineral deposits, including gold, copper, and oil, which have been major contributors to its economy. In recent years, Papua New Guinea has also seen growth in other sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.

The agricultural sector is particularly important, with coffee, cocoa, and palm oil being major export crops. However, despite its natural resource wealth, Papua New Guinea faces significant economic challenges, including high levels of poverty and limited access to basic services such as healthcare and education. The country’s natural resources have also been a source of controversy and conflict.

Large-scale mining operations have led to environmental degradation and social unrest in some areas, as local communities have protested against the negative impacts of these activities on their land and livelihoods. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on sustainable development and responsible resource management in Papua New Guinea, with efforts to promote environmentally friendly practices and support local communities in benefiting from resource extraction. Overall, Papua New Guinea’s economy is closely tied to its natural resources, presenting both opportunities for growth and challenges for sustainable development.

Political Structure and Governance in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea is a parliamentary democracy with a multi-party system. The country’s political system is based on the Westminster model, with a Prime Minister as the head of government and a Governor-General as the representative of the monarch of Papua New Guinea. The Parliament is made up of members elected by popular vote every five years.

However, political instability has been a recurring issue in Papua New Guinea, with frequent changes in government and allegations of corruption undermining public trust in the political system. The country’s governance is also challenged by its diverse cultural landscape, with different ethnic groups often having distinct political interests and priorities. This diversity has made it difficult to build consensus on national policies and has contributed to regional tensions within the country.

Efforts to promote national unity and inclusivity have been ongoing, with initiatives to empower local communities and promote greater representation for all ethnic groups in the political process. Overall, Papua New Guinea’s political structure and governance face significant challenges in balancing the interests of its diverse population while promoting stability and effective governance.

Challenges and Opportunities in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea faces a range of challenges that impact its development and stability. One of the most pressing issues is poverty, with a large portion of the population living below the poverty line and lacking access to basic services such as healthcare and education. Infrastructure development is also a major challenge, particularly in remote areas where access to essential services is limited.

Additionally, environmental degradation from resource extraction and climate change poses significant threats to the country’s natural environment and livelihoods. However, Papua New Guinea also has significant opportunities for growth and development. The country’s natural resource wealth provides opportunities for economic growth and investment in key sectors such as mining, agriculture, and tourism.

Efforts to promote sustainable development and responsible resource management can help ensure that these opportunities benefit local communities while protecting the environment. Additionally, Papua New Guinea’s cultural diversity presents opportunities for promoting tourism and cultural exchange, which can contribute to economic growth and international cooperation.

Tourism and Wildlife in Papua New Guinea

Exploring Papua New Guinea’s Natural Beauty

Popular activities for tourists include birdwatching, diving, trekking through remote wilderness areas, and experiencing traditional cultural festivals. The country’s cultural diversity also makes it an attractive destination for cultural tourism. Visitors have the opportunity to learn about traditional customs and practices from different ethnic groups through village stays, cultural performances, and craft demonstrations.

Discovering Papua New Guinea’s Cultural Heritage

Additionally, Papua New Guinea’s rich history provides opportunities for heritage tourism, with sites such as ancient archaeological remains and war memorials attracting visitors interested in learning about the country’s past.

A Destination for Diverse Interests

Future Prospects for Papua New Guinea

The future prospects for Papua New Guinea are influenced by a range of factors including economic development, environmental sustainability, political stability, and social cohesion. Efforts to address poverty and improve access to essential services will be critical for promoting inclusive growth and reducing inequality within the country. Sustainable resource management will also be important for protecting the environment while maximising the benefits of natural resource wealth for local communities.

Political stability and effective governance will be essential for addressing regional tensions and promoting national unity. Initiatives to empower local communities and promote greater representation for all ethnic groups in the political process can help build consensus on national policies and promote social cohesion. Additionally, efforts to promote tourism and cultural exchange can contribute to economic growth while fostering international cooperation.

In conclusion, Papua New Guinea is a country with a rich cultural heritage, diverse natural landscapes, and significant economic potential. While it faces challenges related to poverty, infrastructure development, environmental degradation, and political stability, it also has opportunities for growth through sustainable resource management, tourism promotion, and inclusive development policies. By addressing these challenges and capitalising on its opportunities, Papua New Guinea can work towards a more prosperous and sustainable future for its people.

FAQs

What is the population of Papua New Guinea?

The population of Papua New Guinea is estimated to be around 9 million people.

What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?

The capital city of Papua New Guinea is Port Moresby.

What languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world, with over 800 different languages spoken.

What is the currency of Papua New Guinea?

The currency of Papua New Guinea is the Papua New Guinean kina (PGK).

What are the major industries in Papua New Guinea?

The major industries in Papua New Guinea include mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.

What is the climate like in Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea has a tropical climate, with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. The country also experiences significant rainfall.

What are the major natural resources in Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is rich in natural resources, including gold, copper, oil, natural gas, timber, and fisheries.

What are the main tourist attractions in Papua New Guinea?

Some of the main tourist attractions in Papua New Guinea include the Kokoda Track, the Tufi Dive Resort, the Sepik River, and the Mount Hagen Cultural Show.