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TIMELINE
Antarctica
Antarctica Population (Estimated July 2012): 1,000-5,000 non Permanent but 0 Permanent. Area: 280,000km2 or 108,109mi2 (ice-free); 13,720,000 km2 or 5,297,321mi2 ice-covered Highest Mountain: Vinson Massif at 4,897m or...
Anguilla
Anguilla Capital: The Valley Population (Estimated July 2012): 15,423 Area: 91km2 or 35mi2 Currency: East Caribbean Dollar (XCD) Official Language: English Political Information: British Overseas Territory Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 83.1% of the population are Protestant, 5.7% are Roman Catholic, 1.7% have other Christian beliefs, 5.2% have different religious beliefs and 4.3% have no or unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Point: Crocus Hill at 65m or 213ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2009): $175.4 million (US$) or £105,240,000(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2009): $175.4 million (US$) or £105,240,000(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2008): $12,200 (US$) or £7,320(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -4:00 Leaders: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II represented Governor Christina SCOTT; Chief Minister Hubert Hughes Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Angola
Angola (República de Angola (Republic of Angola)) Capital: Luanda Population (Estimated July 2012): 18,056,072 Area: 1,246,700km2 or 481,354 mi2 Currency: Kwanza (AOA) Official Language: Portuguese Political Information: Multiparty Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 47% of the population have indigenous religious beliefs, 38% are Roman Catholic and 15% are Protestant) Highest Mountain: Mount Mocco (Morro de Moco) at 2,620m or 8596 Largest River: The Congo at 4,344km GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $99.3 billion (US$) or £59,580 million(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $115.9 billion (US$) or £69,540 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $5,900 (US$) or £3,540(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Provinces (provincias, singular – provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire Leaders: President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos; Vice President Fernando “Nando” da Piedade Dias Dos Santos Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Angola, officially known as the Republic of Angola, is a country located in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to the south, Zambia to the east, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the...
Andorra
Andorra (Principat d’Andorra (Principality of Andorra)) Capital: Andorra la Vella Population (Estimated July 2012): 68,061 Area: 464km2 or 179mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Catalan Political Information: Parliamentary Co-Principality Official Religion: No Official Religion (but predominantly Roman Catholic) Highest Mountain: Pic de Coma Pedrosa at 2,946m or 9,665ft Largest River: the Segre 265km GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $3.169 billion (US$) or £1,901 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $37,200 (US$) or £22,320(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Parishes (parroquies, singular – parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria Leaders: French Co-prince Francois HOLLANDE (represented by Christian Fremont); Spanish Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric Vives i Sicilia (represented by Nemesi Marques i Oste); Executive Council President (or Cap de Govern) Antoni Marti Petit Additional: In 2007 Andorra had the highest age of Life expectancy at 83.5 years. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Andorra, a small landlocked country nestled in the Pyrenees Mountains between Spain and France, may not be on everyone’s travel radar. However, this tiny nation is full of surprises and offers a unique blend of Spanish and French influence, stunning natural landscapes, and a rich history. Despite its small size, Andorra has a lot to offer visitors, making it a must-visit destination for...
American Samoa
American Samoa (Amerika Samoa) Capital: Pago Pago Population (Estimated July 2012): 68,061 Area: 200km2 or 77mi2 Currency: United States Dollar (U.S.$) Official Language: English; Samoan Political Information: Unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 50% of the population is Christian Congregationalist, 20% are Roman Catholic and 30% are either protestant or have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Lata Mountain at 964m or 3162 feet GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2005): $462.2 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2007): $575.3 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2007): $8,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -11:00 Counties/Provinces/States: three districts and two islands at the second order; Eastern, Manu’a, Rose Island, Swains Island, Western Leaders: President Donald Trump; Governor Togiola Tulafono Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Algeria
Algeria (Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Jazāʾiriyyah al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah al-Shaʿbiyyah (People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria)) Capital: Algiers Population (Estimated July 2012): 35,406,303 Area: 2,381,741km2 or 919,595mi2 Currency: Algerian Dinar (DA) Official Language: Arabic Political Information: Presidential Republic Official Religion: Islam (with approximately 99% of the population are Sunni Muslim and 1% are Christian or Jewish) Highest Mountain: Tahat at 3,003m or 9852ft Largest River: Chelif River at 700km long GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $183.4 billion (US$) or £110,040 million (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $264.1 billion (US$) or £158,460 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $7,200 (US$) or £4,320(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Provinces (wilayat, singular – wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M’Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen Leaders: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Algeria, located in North Africa, is the largest country on the continent...
Albania
Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë (republic of Albania)) Capital: Tirana (Tiranë) Population (Estimated July 2012): 3,002,859 Area: 28,748km2 or 11,100mi2 Currency: Lek Official Language: Albanian Political Information: Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (but approximately 70% of the population is Muslim, 20% are Albanian Orthodox and 10% are Roman Catholic) Highest Mountain: Mount Korab (Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab)) at 2,764m or 9,068ft Largest River: River Drin GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $13.3 billion (US$) or £7,980,000 million(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $24.99 billion (US$) or £14,994 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $7,800 (US$) or £4,680 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 37 municipalities (komunat/opstine, singular – komuna/opstina); Decan/Decani, Dragash/Dragas, Ferizaj/Urosevac, Fushe Kosove/Kosovo Polje, Gjakove/Dakovica, Gjilan/Gnjilane, Gllogovc/Glogovac, Gracanice/Gracanica, Hani i Elezit/Deneral Jankovic, Istog/Istok, Junik, Kacanik/Kacanik, Kamenice/Kamenica, Kline/Klina, Kllokot/Klokot, Leposaviq/Leposavic, Lipjan/Lipljan, Malisheve/Malisevo, Mamushe/Mamusa, Mitrovice/Mitrovica, Novoberde/Novo Brdo, Obiliq/Obilic, Partesh/Partes, Peje/Pec, Podujeve/Podujevo, Prishtine/Pristina, Prizren, Rahovec/Orahovac, Ranillug/Ranilug, Shterpce/Strpce, Shtime/Stimlje, Skenderaj/Srbica, Suhareke/Suva Reka, Viti/Vitina, Vushtrri/Vucitrn, Zubin Potok, Zvecan/Zvecan Leaders: President Bujar Nishani; Prime Minister Edi Rama Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Albania, located in Southeastern Europe, is a country with a rich history and vibrant culture. It is bordered by Montenegro to...
Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Capital: Episkopi Population (Estimated July 2012): 7,000 Cypriots and 7,500 British Military and Families. Area: 256km2 or 99mi2 Currency: Euro Official Language: English and Greek Political Information: Sovereign Base Area (U.K.) Official Religion: No Official Religion Economy: All goods and services are imported and funded by the government of the United Kingdom. Time Zone (GMT/UTC): + 2:00 Leaders: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II; Administrator Air Vice Marshall Graham Stacey. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, and Encyclopaedia...
African Countries
Country: Algeria Capital: Algiers Total Area: 2,381,741 km2 or 919,595 mi2 Population: (Estimated July 2012): 35,406,303 Language: Arabic Currency: Algerian dinar (DA) Country: Angola Capital: Luanda Total Area: 1,246,700km2 or 481,354 mi2 Population: (Estimated July 2012): 18,056,072 Language: Portuguese Currency: Kwanza (AOA)...
Afghanistan: A National Profile in the Shadow of War, Terrorism, and Recovery
Afghanistan: A National Profile in the Shadow of War, Terrorism, and Recovery (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afghānestān [Dari]); Da Afghanestan Eslami Jamhuriyat (Pashto)) Capital of Afghanistan: Kabul Population (Estimated July 2023): 41,419,928 Area of Afghanistan: 652,864km2 or 252,072mi2 Currency: Afghani (AFN) Official Language: Dari and Pashto Political Information: Islamic Republic Official Religion: Islam (approximately 99% of the population is Muslim and 1% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: The Hindu Kush at 7,492 m or 24,580ft Longest River: Amu Darya 1,415km Time Zone (GMT/UTC): + 4:30 Wildlife: Alta Weasel, Asiatic Black Bear, Asiatic Brown Bear, Caracal, Eurasian Otter, Geoffroy’s Bat, Gray Wolf, Hare, Ibex, Kashmir Cave Bat, Leopard, Lesser Horseshoe Bat, Long-Tailed Marmat, Lynx, Marco Polo Sheep, Markhor, Mehely’s Horseshoe Bat, Mouflon, Pallas’ Cat, Pikas, Red Fox, Sind Bat, Snow Leopard, Stoat, Stone Marten, Wild Goat and Zarudny’s Jird. Counties/Provinces/States:Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Nuristan, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Wardak and Zabul. Leaders: President Hamid Karzai Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Afghanistan Afghanistan, a country long known for its strategic location and rugged terrain, has remained at the centre of global attention for decades. From the war in Afghanistan to the current political instability under the Taliban, this nation’s complex history, ongoing humanitarian crises, and shifting alliances continue to shape international policy. With the World Bank highlighting Afghanistan’s economic fragility, and the U.S. government’s introduction of Temporary Protected Status for Afghanistan, this article offers a timely and comprehensive country...
Global Infrastructure
Global Infrastructure is the collective term for the facilities, buildings and structures required for society to function. What is Infrastructure? Benefits of Improved Infrastructure Types of Infrastructure Logistical Infrastructure Logistical Infrastructure Interactive Map Power Infrastructure Hygienic Sanitation – Infrastructure Drinking Water – Infrastructure Communications – Infrastructure Global Infrastructure Interactive Map What is Infrastructure? Infrastructure is the collective term for the facilities, buildings and structures required for society to function. This is a large list and includes roads, airports, railway lines, sanitation, power, communications, etc. It is a good indicator of the ‘health’ of a nation – i.e. the better the infrastructure the better equipped a country is to grow financially and improve the lives of its citizens. Benefits of Improved Infrastructure Despite the huge cost of creating good infrastructure the benefits gained generally out way the initial investment. Good infrastructure not only improves trade within the country but can be an incentive for foreign trade and increased tourism. Good infrastructure also improves the lives of its citizens allowing for improved job opportunities not only in their construction and maintenance but also in the improved ability to commute for work. A strong infrastructure also allows better access to facilities such as hospitals, schools etc, providing a better quality of life. A country with good infrastructure gives its all its citizens improved life chances and allows widespread residential settlements making more use of the land. Types of Infrastructure Infrastructure can be group into different categories such as transportation, power, water + sanitation and communication. Transportation or Logistical Infrastructure Power Sanitation Drinking Water Communication Transportation or Logistical...
Cells Test – Cell Structure Test
Your Cells Test may take a minute to load. If you have to navigate away from this page for any reason, don’t worry, you will have the option to resume your test from the point you left upon your return. The test may have multiple choice, multiple answer or true/false questions and is timed but has no time limit. It should be considered an aid to study for exams or merely a test of your knowledge base giving you indication of areas you may need further study in. Once you have completed your test you will be able to review your results. This will give you some indication of the area you need further study or which areas you are proficient. We recommend you take the cells test before reading the subject matter. If you score 80% or more than you have the option of skipping the section but if you score less than 80% we recommend you read the material associated. Then try the test again until you are able to gain a passing result of 80% correct. Error: Embedded data could not be displayed. Why Use the Cells Test? As previously stated tests give the user indication of their strengths and weaknesses. This allows them to spend less time studying things they are proficient in and spend more time improving their knowledge where they may have gaps. Tests are also a great tool for revision because they require the user to recall information they may have previously learnt, be it recently or some time ago. This...
