Explore the World Through Geography, Natural Resources & Daily History
Clear, reliable and engaging guides that help you understand our planet — from UK geography education to global natural resources and On This Day history events.
Explore, discover, and learn about the wonders of our world! At Earth Site, we’re passionate about bringing geography, history, and science to life for curious minds of all ages. Whether you’re delving into historical events, uncovering the mysteries of the natural world, or seeking interactive resources, you’re in the right place.
Here, you can uncover the stories behind historical events, explore the natural wonders of our planet, and gain valuable insights into how the Earth’s systems shape our daily lives. From the towering peaks of mountain ranges to the far-reaching impacts of human innovation, we aim to make every topic both engaging and informative.
Start your journey of discovery with us today, and let’s make learning an adventure!
What We Cover
Earth Site brings together engaging and accessible educational content designed to help you understand the world, its history, and its natural systems.
🌍 Geography Education (UK & Worldwide)
We publish clear, easy-to-understand geography resources for students, teachers and curious learners. Our guides support geography education in the UK and cover physical geography, climate, ecosystems, population, and global development.
⛏️ Natural Resources & Environmental Geography
Explore detailed country profiles covering natural resources, mining, energy, geology and global environmental challenges. We show how nations manage minerals, water, land and ecosystems, and why these resources matter.
📅 On This Day in History
Every day has a story. Our On This Day history series features major events, anniversaries, traditions, and cultural milestones from around the world — with timelines, context, and fun facts.
TIMELINE
Kuwait
Kuwait (Dawlat al-Kuwayt (State of Kuwait)) Capital: Kuwait (City) Population (Estimated July 2012): 2,646,314 Area: 17,818 km2 or 6,880 mi2 Currency: Kuwaiti Dinar (KD) Official Language: Arabic Political Information: Hereditary Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: Islam (approximately 85% of the population are Muslim and 15% have other religious beliefs) GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $171.1 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $149.8 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $40,700 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +3:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 6 governorates (muhafazat, singular – muhafazah); Al Ahmadi, Al ‘Asimah, Al Farwaniyah, Al Jahra’, Hawalli, Mubarak al Kabir Leaders: Amir SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 29 January 2006); Crown Prince NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (born 25 June 1937), with Prime Minister JABIR AL-MUBARAK al-Hamad al-Sabah (since 30 November 2011); First Deputy Prime Minister NASIR al-Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah (since 12 December 2017); Deputy Prime Ministers SABAH al-KHALD al-Sabah (since 4 August 2013), KHALD al-Jarrah al-Sabah (since December 2016), Anas al-SALEH (since 2015) Additional: Gained independence from the UK on the 19th of June 1961. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Kuwait Kuwait, officially known...
Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands Capital of Cayman Islands: George Town Population (Estimated July 2012): 52,560 Area: 264 km2 or 102 mi2 Currency: Cayman Islands Dollar (CI$) Official Language: English Political Information: British Overseas Territory Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 67.7% of the population are Protestant, 12.6% are Roman Catholic, 13.3% have other religious beliefs and 6.1% have no religious beliefs) Highest Point: The Bluff on Cayman Brac at 43m or 141ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $2.25 Billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2008): $2.25 Billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2004): $43,800 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -5:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western Leaders: H.M. Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by acting Governor Franz MANDERSON (since 13 June 2018); note – Anwar CHOUDHURY was suspended from office as governor on 13 June 2018 with Premier Alden MCLAUGHLIN (since 29 May 2013). Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Cape Verde
Cape Verde (República de Cabo Verde (Republic of Cape Verde)) Capital of Cape Verde: Praia Population (Estimated July 2012): 523,568 Area: 4,033 km2 or 1,557 mi2 Currency: Escudo (C.V.Esc.) Official Language: Portuguese Political Information: Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (But mainly Roman Catholic and Protestant) Highest Mountain: Mt. Fogo (a volcano) at 2,829m or 9,281ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.9 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $2.04 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $4,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 17 municipalities (concelhos, singular – concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Lourenco dos Orgaos, Sao Miguel, Sao Salvador do Mundo, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de Sao Nicolau Leaders: President Jorge Carlos FONSECA (since 9 September 2011) with Prime Minister Ulisses CORREIA E. SILVA (since 22 April 2016) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cabo Verde Cabo Verde, also known as Cape Verde, is a group of islands located off the coast...
Canada
Canada Capital: Ottawa Population (Estimated July 2012): 34,300,083 Area: 9,984,670 km2 or 3,855,103 mi2 Currency: Canadian Dollar (Can$) Official Language: English and French Political Information: Federal Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 42.6% of the population is Roman Catholic, 23.3% are Protestant, 4.4% have other Christian Beliefs, 1.9% are Muslim, 11.8% have other or unspecified religious beliefs and 16% have no religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mount Logan at 5,959m or 19,551ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.759 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $1.389 trillion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $40,300 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): Between -3:30 to -8:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* Leaders: H.M. Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Julie PAYETTE (since 2 October 2017) with Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Canada Canada is the second-largest country in the world, spanning...
Cameroon
Cameroon (République du Cameroun (French); Republic of Cameroon (English)) Capital: Yaoundé Population (Estimated July 2012): 20,129,878 Area: 476,350 km2 or 183,920 mi2 Currency: CFA franc (CFAF) Official Language: French and English Political Information: Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 40% of the population have indigenous beliefs, 40% are Christian, and 20% are Muslim) Highest Mountain: Cameroon Mountain at 4,040m or 13,255ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $25.8 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $47.12 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $2,300 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 10 regions (regions, singular – region); Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, North-West (Nord-Ouest), Ouest, Sud, South-West (Sud-Ouest) Leaders: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) with Philémon Yang as Prime Minister (since 30 June 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Amadou ALI (since 2014)and Jean NKUETE Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cameroon Cameroon, located in West Africa, is a country with a rich history and cultural heritage. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the...
Cambodia
Cambodia (Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (Kingdom of Cambodia)) Capital: Phnom Penh Population (Estimated July 2012): 14,952,665 Area: 181,035 km2 or 69,898 mi2 Currency: Riel (KHR) Official Language: Khmer Political Information: Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy Official Religion: Buddhism (approximately 96.4% of the population are Buddhist, 2.1% are Muslim, 1.3% have other religious beliefs and 0.2% have unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Phnum Aoral at 1,810m or 5,938ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $13.2 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $32.95 billion (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $2,300 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +7:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 23 Provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) Provinces: Banteay Mean Choay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Choay, Pailin, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev Municipalities: Phnum Penh (Phnom Penh) Leaders: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) and Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985); Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008);...
Burundi
Burundi (Republika y’u Burundi (Rundi); République du Burundi (French) (Republic of Burundi)) Capital of Burundi : Bujumbura Population (Estimated July 2012): 10,557,259 Area: 27,816 km2 or 10,740 mi2 Currency: Burundi Franc (FBu) Official Language: Rundi; French Political Information: Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 67% of the population are Christian, 23% have indigenous beliefs and 10% are Muslim) Highest Mountain: Mount Heha at 2,670m 8,760ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.7 billion (US$) or £1,020 million(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $3.672 billion (US$) or £2,203.2 million (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $400 (US$) or £240(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +2:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi Leaders: President Pierre Nkurunziza with Terence Sinunguruza as 1st Vice President and Gervais Rufyikiri as 2nd Vice President. Additional: Gained Independence from Belgium on the 1st of July 1962. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Burundi Burundi is a small landlocked country located in East Africa. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic...
Burma
Burma Capital: Rangoon (Yangon) Note: Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital Population (Estimated July 2012): 54,584,650 Area: 676,577km2 or 261,228mi2 Currency: Myanmar Kyat (K) Official Language: Myanmar (Burmese) Political Information: Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 89% of the population is Buddhist, 4% is Christian, 4% is Muslim, 1% is Animist and 2% follow other faiths). Highest Mountain: Hkakabo Razi at 5,881m or 19,295ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $50.2 billion (US$) or £30,120 million (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $82.72 billion (US$) or £49,632 million (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $1,300 (US$) or £780 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +6:30 Counties/Provinces/States: 7 regions (taing-myar, singular – taing) and 7 states (pyi ne-myar, singular – pyi ne) regions: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi, Yangon states: Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine (Arakan), Shan Leaders: President WIN MYINT (since 30 March 2018); Vice Presidents President MYINT SWE (since 16 March 2016) and HENRY VAN THIO (since 30 March 2016); note – President HTIN KYAW (since 30 March 2016) resigned on 21 March 2018; the president is both chief of state and head of...
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso bb.Capital of Burkina Faso : Ouagadougou Population (Estimated July 2012): 17,275,115 Area: 270,764 km2 or 104,543 mi2 Currency: CFA franc (CFAF) Official Language: French Political Information: Semi-Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 60.5% of the population are Muslim, 19% are Catholic, 15.3% are Animist, 4.2% are Protestant, and 1% have other or no religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Tena Kourou at 749m or 2,457ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $10.1 billion (US$) or £6.06 billion (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $21.83 billion (US$) or £13,098 billion(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $1,500 (US$) or £900 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): GMT Counties/Provinces/States: 13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest Leaders: President Roch Marc Christian KABORE (since 29 December 2015) with Prime Minister Paul Kaba THIEBA (since 6 January 2016) Additional: Gained independence from France on the 5th of August 1960. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Burkina Faso, officially known as the Republic of Burkina Faso, is a landlocked country located in West Africa. It is bordered by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to...
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (Republika Bŭlgaria (Republic of Bulgaria)) Capital of Bulgaria : Sofia Population (Estimated July 2012): 7,037,935 Area: 111,002 km2 or 42,858 mi2 Currency: Lev (Lv; Plural Leva) Official Language: Bulgarian Political Information: Parliamentary Democracy Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 82.6% of the population are Bulgarian Orthodox, 1.2% have other Christian beliefs, 12.2% are Muslim and 4% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Musala at 2,925m or 9,596ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $54.3 billion (US$) or £32,580 million (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $101.2 billion (US$) or £60,720 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $13,500 (US$) or £8,100(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +2:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 28 provinces (oblasti, singular – oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya (Sofia), Sofiya-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol Leaders: President Rumen RADEV (since 22 January 2017); Vice President Iliana IOTOVA (since 22 January 2017). Prime Minister Boyko BORISSOV (since 4 May 2017); note – BORISSOV served 2 previous terms as prime minister (27 July 2009-13 March 2013 and 7 November 2014-27 January 2017) ...
Brunei
Brunei (Negara Brunei Darussalam (State of Brunei Darussalam)) Capital of Brunei : Bandar Seri Begawan Population (Estimated July 2012): 408,786 Area: 5,765 km2 or 2,226 mi2 Currency: Brunei dollar (B$) Official Language: Malay Political Information: Malay Islamic Monarchy Official Religion: Muslim (approximately 67% of the population are Muslim, 13% are Buddhist, 10% are Christian and 10% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Bukit Pagon at 1,850m or 6,070ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $15.6 billion (US$) or £9,360 million (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $21.11 billion (US$) or £12,666 million (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $49,400 (US$) or £29,640 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +8:00 Counties/Provinces/States: (Districts) Belait, Brunei-Muara, Temburong, Tutong Leaders: Sultan and the first Prime Minister Hassanal Bolkiah with the crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah. (since 5 October 1967) Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Brunei, officially known as the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace, is a small but prosperous country located on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Malaysia and the South China Sea. Despite its small size, Brunei has a population of approximately 450,000 people. Brunei is known...
British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands Capital of the British Virgin Islands : Road Town, Tortola Population (Estimated July 2012): 31,148 Area: 153 km2 or 59 mi2 Currency: U.S. Dollar (U.S.$) Official Language: English Political Information: Overseas Territory of the UK Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 84% of the population are Protestant, 10% are Roman Catholic, 2% are Jehova’s Witness, 2% have other religious beliefs and 2% have no religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mount Sage at 521m or 1,709ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2008): $1.095 billion (US$) or £657 million (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2004): $853.4 million (US$) or £512 million (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2004): $38,500 (US$) or £23,100 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -4:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Four Large islands of Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda and Jost Van Dyke. Thirty two small islands and islets including Great Tobago, Salt, Peter, Cooper, Norman, Guana, Beef, Great Thatch, Little Thatch, and Marina Cay. Leaders: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II with William Boyd McCleary as Governor, Vivian Inez Archibald as Deputy Governor and Orlando Smith as Premier Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...