Explore the World Through Geography, Natural Resources & Daily History
Clear, reliable and engaging guides that help you understand our planet — from UK geography education to global natural resources and On This Day history events.
Explore, discover, and learn about the wonders of our world! At Earth Site, we’re passionate about bringing geography, history, and science to life for curious minds of all ages. Whether you’re delving into historical events, uncovering the mysteries of the natural world, or seeking interactive resources, you’re in the right place.
Here, you can uncover the stories behind historical events, explore the natural wonders of our planet, and gain valuable insights into how the Earth’s systems shape our daily lives. From the towering peaks of mountain ranges to the far-reaching impacts of human innovation, we aim to make every topic both engaging and informative.
Start your journey of discovery with us today, and let’s make learning an adventure!
What We Cover
Earth Site brings together engaging and accessible educational content designed to help you understand the world, its history, and its natural systems.
🌍 Geography Education (UK & Worldwide)
We publish clear, easy-to-understand geography resources for students, teachers and curious learners. Our guides support geography education in the UK and cover physical geography, climate, ecosystems, population, and global development.
⛏️ Natural Resources & Environmental Geography
Explore detailed country profiles covering natural resources, mining, energy, geology and global environmental challenges. We show how nations manage minerals, water, land and ecosystems, and why these resources matter.
📅 On This Day in History
Every day has a story. Our On This Day history series features major events, anniversaries, traditions, and cultural milestones from around the world — with timelines, context, and fun facts.
TIMELINE
Argentina
Argentina (República Argentina (Argentine Republic)) Capital: Buenos Aires Population (Estimated July 2012): 42,192,494 Area: 2,780,403km2 or 1,073,520mi2 Currency: Peso (ARS) Official Language: Spanish Political Information: Federal Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 92% of the population are Roman Catholic, 2% are Protestant, 2% are Jewish and 4% have alternate other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Cerro Aconcagua at 6,960m or 22834ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $435.2 billion (US$) or £261.12 billion(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $709.7 billion (US$) or £425.82 billion(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $17,400 (US$) or £10,440 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -3:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Provinces (provincias, singular – provincia) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego – Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (Tierra del Fuego), Tucuman Leaders: President Cristina Fernandez De Kirchner (since 10 December 2007); Vice President Amado Boudou Additional: Argentina is the eighth largest country in the world and has the highest mountain in the...
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda Commonwealth Member since the 1st of November 1981. Capital: Saint John’s Population (Estimated July 2012): 89,018 Area: 442km2 or 171mi2 Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar (EC$) Official Language: English Political Information: Constitutional Monarchy with Democratic Parliament Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 76.4% of the population are Protestant, 10.4% are Roman Catholic, 7.4% have other religious beliefs and 5.8% have no or unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Mount Obama (formerly Boggy Peak) at 402m or 1,319 ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $1.3 billion (US$) or £780 million(GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $1.734 billion (US$) or £1.040 billion (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $22,100 (US$) or £13,260(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -4:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip Leaders: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II represented by Governor General Louisse Lake-Tack; Prime Minister Winston Baldwin Spencer Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Antigua and Barbuda, located in the heart of the Caribbean, is a popular tourist destination known for its stunning beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant culture. Comprising two main islands, Antigua and Barbuda, this small nation has a rich history as a former British colony...
Antarctica
Antarctica Population (Estimated July 2012): 1,000-5,000 non Permanent but 0 Permanent. Area: 280,000km2 or 108,109mi2 (ice-free); 13,720,000 km2 or 5,297,321mi2 ice-covered Highest Mountain: Vinson Massif at 4,897m or...
Anguilla
Anguilla Capital: The Valley Population (Estimated July 2012): 15,423 Area: 91km2 or 35mi2 Currency: East Caribbean Dollar (XCD) Official Language: English Political Information: British Overseas Territory Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 83.1% of the population are Protestant, 5.7% are Roman Catholic, 1.7% have other Christian beliefs, 5.2% have different religious beliefs and 4.3% have no or unspecified religious beliefs) Highest Point: Crocus Hill at 65m or 213ft GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2009): $175.4 million (US$) or £105,240,000(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2009): $175.4 million (US$) or £105,240,000(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2008): $12,200 (US$) or £7,320(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -4:00 Leaders: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II represented Governor Christina SCOTT; Chief Minister Hubert Hughes Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Angola
Angola (República de Angola (Republic of Angola)) Capital: Luanda Population (Estimated July 2012): 18,056,072 Area: 1,246,700km2 or 481,354 mi2 Currency: Kwanza (AOA) Official Language: Portuguese Political Information: Multiparty Presidential Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 47% of the population have indigenous religious beliefs, 38% are Roman Catholic and 15% are Protestant) Highest Mountain: Mount Mocco (Morro de Moco) at 2,620m or 8596 Largest River: The Congo at 4,344km GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $99.3 billion (US$) or £59,580 million(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $115.9 billion (US$) or £69,540 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $5,900 (US$) or £3,540(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Provinces (provincias, singular – provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire Leaders: President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos; Vice President Fernando “Nando” da Piedade Dias Dos Santos Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Angola, officially known as the Republic of Angola, is a country located in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to the south, Zambia to the east, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the...
Andorra
Andorra (Principat d’Andorra (Principality of Andorra)) Capital: Andorra la Vella Population (Estimated July 2012): 68,061 Area: 464km2 or 179mi2 Currency: Euro (€) Official Language: Catalan Political Information: Parliamentary Co-Principality Official Religion: No Official Religion (but predominantly Roman Catholic) Highest Mountain: Pic de Coma Pedrosa at 2,946m or 9,665ft Largest River: the Segre 265km GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $3.169 billion (US$) or £1,901 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $37,200 (US$) or £22,320(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Parishes (parroquies, singular – parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria Leaders: French Co-prince Francois HOLLANDE (represented by Christian Fremont); Spanish Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric Vives i Sicilia (represented by Nemesi Marques i Oste); Executive Council President (or Cap de Govern) Antoni Marti Petit Additional: In 2007 Andorra had the highest age of Life expectancy at 83.5 years. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Andorra, a small landlocked country nestled in the Pyrenees Mountains between Spain and France, may not be on everyone’s travel radar. However, this tiny nation is full of surprises and offers a unique blend of Spanish and French influence, stunning natural landscapes, and a rich history. Despite its small size, Andorra has a lot to offer visitors, making it a must-visit destination for...
American Samoa
American Samoa (Amerika Samoa) Capital: Pago Pago Population (Estimated July 2012): 68,061 Area: 200km2 or 77mi2 Currency: United States Dollar (U.S.$) Official Language: English; Samoan Political Information: Unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US Official Religion: No Official Religion (approximately 50% of the population is Christian Congregationalist, 20% are Roman Catholic and 30% are either protestant or have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: Lata Mountain at 964m or 3162 feet GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2005): $462.2 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2007): $575.3 million (US$) or (GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2007): $8,000 (US$) or (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): -11:00 Counties/Provinces/States: three districts and two islands at the second order; Eastern, Manu’a, Rose Island, Swains Island, Western Leaders: President Donald Trump; Governor Togiola Tulafono Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia...
Algeria
Algeria (Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Jazāʾiriyyah al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah al-Shaʿbiyyah (People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria)) Capital: Algiers Population (Estimated July 2012): 35,406,303 Area: 2,381,741km2 or 919,595mi2 Currency: Algerian Dinar (DA) Official Language: Arabic Political Information: Presidential Republic Official Religion: Islam (with approximately 99% of the population are Sunni Muslim and 1% are Christian or Jewish) Highest Mountain: Tahat at 3,003m or 9852ft Largest River: Chelif River at 700km long GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $183.4 billion (US$) or £110,040 million (GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $264.1 billion (US$) or £158,460 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $7,200 (US$) or £4,320(GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: Provinces (wilayat, singular – wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M’Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen Leaders: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Algeria, located in North Africa, is the largest country on the continent...
Albania
Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë (republic of Albania)) Capital: Tirana (Tiranë) Population (Estimated July 2012): 3,002,859 Area: 28,748km2 or 11,100mi2 Currency: Lek Official Language: Albanian Political Information: Parliamentary Republic Official Religion: No Official Religion (but approximately 70% of the population is Muslim, 20% are Albanian Orthodox and 10% are Roman Catholic) Highest Mountain: Mount Korab (Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab)) at 2,764m or 9,068ft Largest River: River Drin GDP Official Exchange Rate (OER is more precise at gauging a countries economic power) (Estimated 2011): $13.3 billion (US$) or £7,980,000 million(GBP) GDP (OER) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): (US$) or (GBP) GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP is good for gauging living conditions and use of resources but not as accurate as OER. This data has been calculated based on the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States) (Estimated 2011): $24.99 billion (US$) or £14,994 million(GBP) GDP (PPP) Per Capita (per member of the population estimated 2011): $7,800 (US$) or £4,680 (GBP) Time Zone (GMT/UTC): +1:00 Counties/Provinces/States: 37 municipalities (komunat/opstine, singular – komuna/opstina); Decan/Decani, Dragash/Dragas, Ferizaj/Urosevac, Fushe Kosove/Kosovo Polje, Gjakove/Dakovica, Gjilan/Gnjilane, Gllogovc/Glogovac, Gracanice/Gracanica, Hani i Elezit/Deneral Jankovic, Istog/Istok, Junik, Kacanik/Kacanik, Kamenice/Kamenica, Kline/Klina, Kllokot/Klokot, Leposaviq/Leposavic, Lipjan/Lipljan, Malisheve/Malisevo, Mamushe/Mamusa, Mitrovice/Mitrovica, Novoberde/Novo Brdo, Obiliq/Obilic, Partesh/Partes, Peje/Pec, Podujeve/Podujevo, Prishtine/Pristina, Prizren, Rahovec/Orahovac, Ranillug/Ranilug, Shterpce/Strpce, Shtime/Stimlje, Skenderaj/Srbica, Suhareke/Suva Reka, Viti/Vitina, Vushtrri/Vucitrn, Zubin Potok, Zvecan/Zvecan Leaders: President Bujar Nishani; Prime Minister Edi Rama Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Albania, located in Southeastern Europe, is a country with a rich history and vibrant culture. It is bordered by Montenegro to...
Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Capital: Episkopi Population (Estimated July 2012): 7,000 Cypriots and 7,500 British Military and Families. Area: 256km2 or 99mi2 Currency: Euro Official Language: English and Greek Political Information: Sovereign Base Area (U.K.) Official Religion: No Official Religion Economy: All goods and services are imported and funded by the government of the United Kingdom. Time Zone (GMT/UTC): + 2:00 Leaders: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II; Administrator Air Vice Marshall Graham Stacey. Sources: CIA World Fact Book, and Encyclopaedia...
African Countries
Country: Algeria Capital: Algiers Total Area: 2,381,741 km2 or 919,595 mi2 Population: (Estimated July 2012): 35,406,303 Language: Arabic Currency: Algerian dinar (DA) Country: Angola Capital: Luanda Total Area: 1,246,700km2 or 481,354 mi2 Population: (Estimated July 2012): 18,056,072 Language: Portuguese Currency: Kwanza (AOA)...
Afghanistan: A National Profile in the Shadow of War, Terrorism, and Recovery
Afghanistan: A National Profile in the Shadow of War, Terrorism, and Recovery (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afghānestān [Dari]); Da Afghanestan Eslami Jamhuriyat (Pashto)) Capital of Afghanistan: Kabul Population (Estimated July 2023): 41,419,928 Area of Afghanistan: 652,864km2 or 252,072mi2 Currency: Afghani (AFN) Official Language: Dari and Pashto Political Information: Islamic Republic Official Religion: Islam (approximately 99% of the population is Muslim and 1% have other religious beliefs) Highest Mountain: The Hindu Kush at 7,492 m or 24,580ft Longest River: Amu Darya 1,415km Time Zone (GMT/UTC): + 4:30 Wildlife: Alta Weasel, Asiatic Black Bear, Asiatic Brown Bear, Caracal, Eurasian Otter, Geoffroy’s Bat, Gray Wolf, Hare, Ibex, Kashmir Cave Bat, Leopard, Lesser Horseshoe Bat, Long-Tailed Marmat, Lynx, Marco Polo Sheep, Markhor, Mehely’s Horseshoe Bat, Mouflon, Pallas’ Cat, Pikas, Red Fox, Sind Bat, Snow Leopard, Stoat, Stone Marten, Wild Goat and Zarudny’s Jird. Counties/Provinces/States:Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Nuristan, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Wardak and Zabul. Leaders: President Hamid Karzai Sources: CIA World Fact Book, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Afghanistan Afghanistan, a country long known for its strategic location and rugged terrain, has remained at the centre of global attention for decades. From the war in Afghanistan to the current political instability under the Taliban, this nation’s complex history, ongoing humanitarian crises, and shifting alliances continue to shape international policy. With the World Bank highlighting Afghanistan’s economic fragility, and the U.S. government’s introduction of Temporary Protected Status for Afghanistan, this article offers a timely and comprehensive country...